Phillips Food: King Crab

Phillips Foods, Inc. – Introducing King Crab to the Trade Executive Summary: The Phillips Foods, Inc. , case discusses target marketing for specialty seafood. Phillips Foods, Inc. was founded in 1914 by Augustus Phillips on Hoopers Island, Maryland. Phillips had developed a reputation for fresh seafood caught and sold locally. By 2006, Phillips Foods had three business units that were generating profits and became one of the largest seafood businesses in the United States. The restaurant division operates 8 full-service restaurants as well as fast food restaurants, mainly in airports.The food service division services restaurants and foodservice institutions. The retail products division services grocers and retail food merchants. The three division generated $160M in revenue in 2006. Brand image and production were keys in building the Phillips brand name. Phillips was renowned for its close associations to Maryland. Production was also a key in reinforcing the Phillips image and brand. The company decided early on to own and operate its own plants, this was important for preserve quality and safety.The Phillips brand was able to expand its production and keep its image as a local brand. By 2006, Phillips operated 13 plants overseas and 1 plant in Baltimore. Analysis of Problem: As the case opens two key decision makers are having a dialog regarding the success of the first phase of marketing and potential plans for phase two. Cherry Stockworth, vice-president of marketing, and Ron Birch, product manager of a new king crab product are discussing Ron’s use of the remaining budget for the king crab product line.Ron has successfully launched phase one of king crab in foodservice trade magazines and as 2007 approached the opportunity of participating in a tradeshow had become available. The International Boston Seafood Show (IBSS) presented the opportunity for Ron to market to a grocery stores and retail food merchants. IBSS was one of the largest se afood shows in the country and the attendees were generally serious merchandisers and industry heavy weights. Phillips king crab products were revolutionary in the seafood industry and were also consistent with consumer demands.The target market was evolving from food service institutions to inclusiveness of retail establishments. Phillips had discovered and perfected a process by which blue king crab (large Alaskan/Russian crab) could be fished, gutted, pasteurized, and packaged for immediate consumption through their production facilities. The product could be stored for up to 18 months as a result of effective pasteurization. The king crab introduction couldn’t come at a more opportune time for Phillips Foods as consumers purchasing habits were changing to more health conscious products.Consumers were averse to purchasing seafood from the market because of their inability to cook the products effectively, and the amount of time it took to clean and prepare the product. Kin g crab was a healthy ready to eat product, and Ron’s task was to get king crab into the prime real estate of grocery store refrigerators. Cherry Stockworth was convinced that the tradeshow would capitalize on the effects of removing king crab from the commodity seafood counters. Phillips had good success with its phase one marketing and was going to have the opportunity to attend IBSS for phase two.In her excitement Cherry offers to cover half the cost of the trade show if Ron were to agree on attending and using the balance of his marketing budget on the campaign. Ron was happy with the results of the first phase, but was not closed to the idea of attending the tradeshow. He would have to crunch some numbers and asses the return on investing in the tradeshow. Recommendations: My recommendation for Phillips Foods is for them to take the king crab product to the IBSS. In doing some analysis with the provided numbers in this case, I have concluded the feasibility of the trade s how to be high.Ron has spent roughly $80K (half) of his budget on the first phase of marketing King crab through trade publications. Ron can easily spend phase two on the same publications or he can take up Cherry on her offer. Appendix A, shows that Ron will need approximately 19 people to effectively manage the tradeshow and its volume. Based on this headcount, it will cost Phillips $164,700, of which Ron will be responsible for $82,350. Ron and Cherry are both understand the importance of spreading the word of their brand, since they have made progress in the food service industry.The tastes of consumers and purchasing habits in grocery stores is changing it would be a great opportunity to display their product. According to the case, tradeshows are an avenue to display products, set up tastings, and catch the eye of potential retailers and grocery store merchandisers. Appendix A further analyses the potential draw at the IBSS show and affirms that 8% capture will provide signifi cant traction in acquiring the attention of a new audience that actually shows interest and is looking for new products for their chain.Continuing to advertise in trade publications seems to have been effective in only two of the three advertisements that Ron has chosen thus far. The problem that seems to be existent in this strategy is that it limits the audience that Phillips is going to be able to attract. Unless the foodservice institutions began to advertise Phillips Foods direct to consumers it doesn’t seem plausible that consumers can be targeted through this avenue. The restaurant division is not going to be a good source of advertising to new consumers either. Restaurants are a great way to maintain the brand name and maintain the high quality food standards.Conclusion: According to my calculations in Appendix A, the tradeshow is a great value with the offer from Cherry on the board to cover half the cost. Management support seems to be in the tradeshow as well, and this will be part of Ron’s decision as he must please the organization. At this point Ron needs to make a decision that will have an immediate impact on the king crab product line. He stands to lose a lot more if he misses out on the tradeshow and places advertisements with only a decent response. In addition, Ron is looking to reach a new audience and doesn’t seem to have a plan set for reaching the retail and grocery customers.The tradeshow provides visibility in both target markets and is in line with the changing customer preferences. Phillips Foods, Inc. has placed itself in a position to succeed with its pasteurization process and its branding strategy. The king crab product line is a perfect complement to the Phillips Foods product portfolio by way of high quality and high margin. Moving a commodity into retail ready-to-eat space has created a value added product and the potential to help seafood consumers find quick, safe, and healthy cooking solutions at the s eafood counter. Appendix A

Good And Evil: “How to Kill A Mockingbird” Harper Lee Essay

Good and evil go hand in hand. The relationship between good and evil can be seen in the Bible, through the stories of Adam and Eve and Cain and Abel. The correlation between good and evil is seen throughout history, through medians such as literature and the media. Neither good nor evil can exist without the other. The coexistence of good and evil is portrayed in Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† when the characters of Jem, Dill and Scout come across good and evil through Maycomb society. Jem is placed in situations where he is exposed to both good and evil in Maycomb. This is shown when Jem encounters good and evil through the closing of the knothole, the jury’s unjust verdict, and Mrs. Dubose. Jem is portrayed as a more mature character in this book but there are many instances in which he shows his ignorance to the evil in Maycomb. Jem is exposed to evil when Nathan Radley plugs the knothole with cement. Jem feels that, in a way, Nathan Radley is breaking the only connection between Boo and the children. The reader can see that the cementing of the knothole really affects Jem in the following quote, â€Å"When [the children] went in the house [Scout] had seen [that] [Jem] had been crying† (Lee pg.63). The closing of the knothole is perhaps the first time Jem realizes that Maycomb is not the perfect town he has always perceived it as, because it has both good and bad. Jem starts to understand that there is a lot more going on in Maycomb than what is seen on the outside. Another example of Jem’s exposure to the good and evil in Maycomb society is seen when the jury convicts Tom Robinson. Jem’s reaction reveals his emotions, as seen in the following passage: â€Å"[Scout] peeked at Jem: his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and [Jem’s] shoulders jerked as if each â€Å"guilty† was a separate stab between them† (Lee pg.211). Jem’s body language shows the thoughts and the feelings he has towards the jury’s verdict. Jem put a lot of faith into the jury, thinking that they would produce a fair verdict but he was let down when they all said â€Å"guilty†, even the Cunningham who had at first opposed the rest of the jury. This is another encounter Jem has that reveals both the good and evil in Maycomb. Finally, Jem faces both good and evil in the form of Mrs. Dubose. His initial reaction to her rudeness is anger, which is described in the quote, â€Å"‘Not only a Finch waiting on tables but one in the courthouse lawing for niggers! ‘† Jem stiffened. Mrs. Dubose’s shot had gone home and she knew it†¦. Jem was scarlet† (Lee pg. 101-102). All Jem can see in Mrs. Dubose is an evil old woman. The only time he sees something more than evil is when Atticus reveals to him that Mrs. Dubose was an ex-morphine addict. This changes his view of Mrs. Dubose. Jem sees a new side of Mrs. Dubose that he had never seen before. Jem starts to see that although she was grumpy and crude, she possessed courage, and in her own way, was good. Through the knothole incident, the verdict, and Mrs. Dubose, Jem starts to see the relationship between both good and evil and he understands that nothing is ever all good or all evil. Another character that has to face the reality of the coexistence of good and evil is Dill. Dill is still young and innocent. Through encounters with both good and evil in society, Dill gains experience and grows mentally and emotionally. Dill finds good and evil in the trial, the way his parents treat him, and Mr. Dolphus Raymond. Dill compares the roles that Atticus and Mr. Gilmer play in the trial. He becomes sensitive to the good of Atticus and the bad of Mr. Gilmer, the prosecutor. When Mr. Gilmer is cross-examining Tom Robinson, Dill feels that Mr. Gilmer is treating Tom Robinson unfairly. Unlike Atticus, Mr. Gilmer shows no respect for Tom and Dill empathizes with Tom. Dill’s feeling towards the unfairness is seen in the following passage: â€Å"‘That old Mr. Gilmer doin’ [Tom] thataway, talking so hateful to [Tom]'† (Lee pg. 198). Dill feels that it is wrong for Mr. Gilmer to treat Tom like he is inferior just because he is black. In seeing the comparison of Atticus and Mr. Gilmer in the way they carry themselves in the trial, Dill is starting to see the coexistence of good and evil. Dill feels that his parents are sometimes good and sometime bad. Dill feels that in many ways his parents are evil because all they do is ignore him. We see that he feels unwanted when he says â€Å"‘The thing is what I’m tryin’ to say is – they do get on a lot better without me†¦. They buy me everything I want but it’s now-you’ve-got-it-go-play-with-it'† (Lee pg. 145). Dill explains why he ran away from home and in his description of the way his parents treat him, there is a connection between good and evil. It can be classified as good that Dill’s parents buy him everything he wants. On an emotional level Dill feels detached and unimportant to his parents because once they buy him his toy, they leave him by himself. In his relationship with his parents, Dill feels that there is both good and evil. Lastly, Dill encounters both good and evil when he meets Mr. Dolphus Raymond. Mr. Dolphus Raymond shows his â€Å"evil† side to the community in Maycomb but shows his humanity when taking care of Dill during the trial. This is seen in the quote, â€Å"†Cry about the simple hell people give other people – without even thinking† (Lee pg. 201) Through Mr. Dolphus Raymond, Dill sees that there is always more than what is seen on the surface. Though Maycomb society sees Mr. Dolphus Raymond as a drunk, and therefore â€Å"evil†, Dill and Scout witness the good in him. In a way, Mr. Dolphus Raymond has more good than most people in Maycomb because he understands the way things should be. This influences Dill because he realizes that even though Mr. Dolphus Raymond is thought of as evil, he is actually good. Through Dill’s experiences with the trial, his parents, and Mr. Dolphus Raymond, Dill is exposed to the coinciding of good and evil. In this book, the person most exposed to the good and evil in society is Scout. In the course of the story, Scout is exposed to good and evil through the mob, the fire, and Boo Radley. Scout finds out that all people have good and bad sides, When Scout sees Atticus confronted by the mob, she at first feels that they are ready to hurt him, and in her eyes, the gang must be bad. Scout tries to stop the confrontation and in doing so, wakes up the good in Mr. Cunningham, the supposed mob leader. The reader sees that Scout changed something within Mr. Cunningham in the next quote: â€Å"Then he straightened up and waved a big paw. ‘Let’s clear out,’ he called† (Lee pg. 154). Mr. Cunningham acts humanely, unlike the way he acted within the mob. It is as if the mob as a whole is bad but each individual is good. Scout brings out the individual in the mob, bringing out the good from the bad. Another example of Scout’s encounter with good and evil is during the fire. In Maycomb County, there are a lot of stereotypical and prejudiced views. Scout is exposed to Atticus’ way of thinking of all people as equals, and to Scout this is good and the prejudice in Maycomb citizens is bad. During the fire, Scout sees that although there are people in Maycomb whose views are wrong, they were still at the fire, helping, proven in the following quote: â€Å"The men of Maycomb, in all degrees of dress and undress, took furniture from Miss Maudie’s house† (Lee pg.69). Maycomb society shows solidarity during the fire, which is good, though sometimes that very solidarity used for good is turned into a prejudiced view shared by most of the citizens of Maycomb, which is bad. Through the fire scene, Scout sees that although sometimes Maycomb is evil because of its racism and chauvinism, the community shows goodness when coming together to help Miss Maudie. Finally, Scout sees good in Boo Radley even though society portrays him as evil. When Bob Ewell tries to kill Jem and Scout, Boo saves them by killing Bob Ewell. Although murdering Bob was bad, Boo was doing good because he was protecting the children. The following quote shows that Scout knows Boo was trying to protect her: â€Å"‘Mr. Tate was right’ †¦ ‘Well, it’d sort of be like shootin’ a mockingbird, wouldn’t it? ‘† (Lee pg. 276). Scout understands that sometimes there is good even in the evilest of actions. Scout finally realizes that Boo Radley is indeed human and although he has always been portrayed as a monster, there is good in him. Through the mob, the fire and Boo Radley, Scout learns that there is always good where there is evil and vice versa. The theme of the coexistence of good and evil is emphasized in Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird. Throughout the novel the reader sees the different events that characters are exposed to, thus affecting the way they perceive good and evil. One must start to realize that nothing is ever all good or all evil. The coexistence of good and evil can be seen everyday, out on the streets, in our schools, and in our homes.

Government Regulatory Agencies Essay

Government Regulatory Agencies and Impact on Consumer Choices By Trisha Robinson, Chastity Hafer, George Ward, Quagina Jackson Serphy HCS 490 Health care Consumer- Trends and Marketing For: Cindy Perkins, DC, MBA 05/01/2011 The Food & Drug Administration (FDA) The Food& Drug Administration is in charge of promoting and the protection of public health safety by the supervision and regulation of food safety, dietary supplements, tobacco products, prescription and over the counter drugs you get from the pharmacy. The FDA also regulates vaccines, blood transfusions, biopharmaceuticals, medical devices, veterinary products, and cosmetics (fda. gov). The FDA is in charge of advancing the public health by the speed of new ideas or methods that make medicines and food affordable and by the producing of strong or desired effect, more safer, and by given the public a more accountable scientific information that the public can use when using medication and foods and to lessen the use of tobacco to improve the quality of life.The FDA makes sure that laws are enforced by monitoring companies of claims that the company makes about their products. If the FDA thinks the company has violated the law a warning letter will be sent to the company. The letter states that the company is in violation and the company has 15 working days to respond and say how this will be fixed. Companies that do not respond will be fined or their product will be seized. The health care product or service category selected Servic e of choice:Â  Regulatory Information Regulatory Information is a service, which The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) offers an array of information on rules and regulations, which allows consumers, industries, and health care professionals to know the safety, availability, and effectiveness of drugs, biological, medical, and electronic products, and cosmetics. In addition, the service provides information on non-regulated categories such as advertising, consumer products (household goods), alcohol, drug abuse, meat and poultry, health insurance, drugs of abuse, pesticides, restaurants and grocery stores, and water. It offers information on areas such as safety, labeling, product licensing, product approval, manufacturing and performance standards on medical devices and radioactive products, and animal drugs, livestock feeds, and food. Rationale for choosing FDA A. Familiar with the regulations of the FDA. 1. Protecting the public’s health B. Interested in the operations of the FDA and how they develop their regulations. C. The services FDA protects. 1. Responsible for advancing the public health by helping to speed innovations that make medicines more effective.

Discuss the impact on your learners of your professional skills (for Essay

Discuss the impact on your learners of your professional skills (for example in my development of literacy numeracy and ICT skills) and of my interpersonal skills - Essay Example The student is able to make a judgment about the relevance and adequacy of information available online. This requires the use of digital literacy skills that are gotten from the expertise from the expertise of the teacher. The professional skills of the teacher impact communication skills to the students. Through the teacher’s skills the students to transmit the information faster and to a wider audience hence improving the relations of the students. Integration is another skill impacted to the student by the teacher through his professional skills. This involves the student interpretation and representation of information using different ICT tools. The student is able to summarize, compare and contrast information. Teachers make students to have self confidence they require in handling of ICT issues and other matters of life. A teacher should encourage a student and correct the student’s mistakes. This will encourage the student to be confident in his/her

Exhibit Advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exhibit Advertisement - Essay Example At the other hand you will experience the unbelievably creative art works from Japan. The time that you will spend in our museum will be the time you will enjoy the treasures of Chinese calligraphy and painting at the best. This exhibition will include colossal bronze images of deities, fantastic ritual vessels, lively human figures, exquisite jades and spirited ceramic sculptures recurring the late phase of Sanxingdui culture (13th–11th century B.C.) to the Han dynasty (3rd century B.C.–3rd century A.D.). Also, we will display the most famous Chinese paper cuts, flower art, calligraphy, scroll paintings and ivory art form that have been the center of attraction of art lovers for decades. (Anonymous, 2002). Your visit to our museum’s Japanese art exhibition will be an unforgettable experience as you will be presented with an introduction to the Museums full range of Japanese art, from the Neolithic to the modern. It will highlight Buddhist and Shinto ritual objects, secular art in a wide variety of media, prints, screens and paintings Art is really important for the study of history because the objects formed up by man show us how humans were reacting to the world around them. When studying different art histories, we learn a lot of things about the cultures, social values, religions, languages, general philosophies and beliefs of the people with whom that art is related to. This exhibition will provide rare access to a previously unknown artistic and cultural tradition along with an opportunity to reexamine the early phases of Chinese and Japanese

Discuss and evaluate how teams function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Discuss and evaluate how teams function - Essay Example Secondly, team members are interdependent which signifies their reliance on each other, which is the hallmark of teamwork (Thompson, 2008, p. 2). Thirdly, team members are bounded to each other and are relatively stable over a period of time. By boundedness is meant a finite and identifiable membership the composition of which is known to all members as well as outsiders; by stability is meant that there is tenure of membership. Fourthly, team members are empowered to manage their own work and exercise their discretion over the internal processes. They do not need constant permission or approval from the team leader or manager. Finally, teams operate within the context of a larger social system. Teams work alongside other teams and draw upon resources outside their team, from the larger social system (Thompson, 2008, p 3). Team characteristics may be summarized as follows (Zayed & Kamel, 2005, p.2): A team can involve as few as two people. A team is not a mere aggregate of individual s. More than that, it is an integrated unit that functions in a coordinated and complementary manner. A team’s success depends on the interdependent and collective efforts of various team members, not just a few individuals; each member makes a significant contribution to the team effort. Team members are likely to have significant impacts on one another as they work together. When tasks require multiple skills, experience and sound judgment, teams usually outperform the sum total of the work of separate individuals. Teams are found to be more flexible and responsive to changes in the environment and other unexpected events, compared to traditional organizational hierarchical structures or other forms of permanent groupings (Zayed & Kamel, 2005, p.1; Thompson, 2008, p. 6). Factors that make a team work Zayed & Kamel (2005, p.3) specify four requirements for teams to function well: (1) Team members must have an interdependent relationship with each other in the performance of their team activities. (2) This interdependence dictates that group members must interact through conversation or work activities. (3) A team is characterized by a condition of mutual influence between team members. (4) Teams have a common purpose such as accomplishing work, completing a project, or preparing a report. Aside from internal factors possessed by the effective team, there are external factors that have made the development of the self-managed team not only apropos but necessary. The first of these is the degree of specialization required in addressing an increasingly globalized environment. The globalization of the economy enables more organizations to form and, with the increasing complexity of productive activity, assume more specialized functions. This gives rise to a need for specialists in many fields, experts with indepth knowledge and training who are particularly equipped to assess and render competent decisions within their fields of expertise, more than a gene ral manager or team leader (Dyer & Dyer, 2010). The second factor is competition, where the global market is increasingly dominated by a few large firms who enjoy economies of scale and large profits. For these firms, teamwork is becomes a source of competitive advantage in coordinating the activities of the

Henry Hill in Film of Goodfellas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Henry Hill in Film of Goodfellas - Essay Example A crucial example supporting this is the lifestyle that he led, which was full of riches. In addition, he himself claimed that he had always wanted to belong to a gang and it would have been a better achievement than being the President of the United States. In most instances, he had people supporting his actions and encouraging him, which meant that it would not be easy for him to leave the life. In fact, at one time, fully aware of the actions that Hill was involved in, his wife’s mother put up her house as bail so that Hill could leave jail. This is relentless support for crime and heinous actions in the society. This shows a huge difference between the films of the 60s where the gangs had no friends and the family members did not condone their behavior and could even have them arrested. Such actions bring many differences in the films that were produced between the 60s and the 90s. Therefore, Henry Hill is not portrayed as a villain that the audience wanted to see lose but one that was viewed as a hero. In fact, the audience wants them to succeed, when analyzing the storyline critically. Among the motives that prompted him to explore into criminality is money. He always wanted to live a good life and through crime, he managed to make enough to live expensive lifestyles. In addition, he wanted to make a name for himself in a neighborhood that he termed as ‘full of nobodies’. This can be taken to mean that he wanted to enter a social class of the group of people who were rich through the easiest ways available regardless of the morality involved. This depicts a desire for materialism. His main reason was to avoid being poor. This movement into crime seems justified to him because he had very many reasons to justify himself.

The Use of Nuclear Power Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Use of Nuclear Power - Assignment Example In recent times, various developments have been realized in not only the adoption of nuclear energy as an alternative to fossil fuels but also in related nuclear reactor technology, which has also contributed to the debate. Social implications are obvious and have also been discussed in the current literature. This is a literature review that is focused on the discussion of the adoption of nuclear energy in the world, the recent developments in nuclear reactor technology, and social implications of this type of energy. The 1930s saw the beginning of a long journey to the production of nuclear energy when the understanding of the atom was propagated by Curies, Ernest Rutherford, and Bohr. Prior to the Second World War, there emerged a large incentive and funding, which precipitated the popular Manhattan project. This is the same project that saw the materialization of the first nuclear reaction to be controlled by the man in 1942, which took place at the University of Chicago (Mahaffey, 2010). The development of nuclear reactors was inspired by this historical breakthrough, which saw further efforts directed towards more funding in an effort to advance the creation of advanced reactor technology as well as the developments of the fuel cycle and nuclear material. This development saw the installation of the first nuclear power plant in the United States, which was established in Shippingport, Pennsylvania, the operations of which kicked off in 1957 (Mahaffey, 2010). A major issue that occurred at the plant resulted in its complete closure and decommissioning in 1982, which involved vehement contaminations and extremely low thermal efficiency compared to the energy it was producing – thermal efficiency was 29 percent. The original reactors were Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), which functioned by keeping liquid water around the core fuel reactor.This literature review has been focused on the development of a basic understanding of nuclear power and how it has developed since its discovery in the 1930s. Recent developments have various social, economic, and environmental implications. An important dimension that this review has taken to account is that do design, which has been used and will be continued to be used in future in dealing with social, economic, and environmental problems related with nuclear energy. In this regard, the problems mentioned, for instance, in the Fukushima Daiichi case, can be avoided in the design phase. Â  

Critical Review and Suggested Improvement for the Alternative Air Dissertation

Critical Review and Suggested Improvement for the Alternative Air Cooling - Dissertation Example New buildings should use alternative methods for air quality too. This research will show how and why. 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE PROJECT There are many buildings in Hong Kong that were built before alternative methods for cooling and cleaning the air inside were financially profitable. Now the prices have dropped down, so it makes sense to install these alternative methods that save energy and some which also have a lower carbon balance quotient. These also save money in the long term, as the energy bills will be much lower. 1.2 AIMS AND BROAD OBJECTIVES The aim of this project is to study alternative methods for cleaning and cooling air in Hong Kong buildings and identify the best ones for each kind of building. The technology will be analysed for its ability to replace old systems in old buildings and make the air better for less money and energy consumption. The cost of using these in new buildings will be calculated so the ROI can be computed. It is hoped that these alternative metho ds will not cost much more than the traditional methods. This makes them good to use in new buildings. The costs and savings for old buildings will also be calculated. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Methodology of Literature Review A review of the literature in peer reviewed databases was done the same search of available books on the subject. However, since the lag time for books in print is nearly a year, newer technology and more information is available in digital formats. In addition to the peer reviewed databases, common websites in the building trade, and among suppliers for the building trade, were searched for information. Finally, specialized digital databases which include technological information and sites of various authorities on the subject were also searched and sites for rating buildings, such as BREEAM, Energy Star and Green were included. The alternatives found are examined and discussed here. This project will look at all alternatives and rate them for cost, p roblems, and ROI. Even if the cost is a little bit more, the pay back time is short. If a building is expected to last fifty to a hundred years, then it pays to make it work the best possible Langston, C., & Shen, L. (2007). 2.2 Technology Modern Building Services, and many other building sites like it, has no less than five alternatives to traditional air conditioning (Energy efficient systems - modern building services ). There are many alternatives. Green water walls are beautiful, peaceful and they clean the air while cooling it too ( ). These can be use with passive solar cooling and efficient window design to keep air cool and fresh (Greenwall Australia ). Regular air conditioners drink power like hungry dinosaurs. They make a lot of noise, they do not clean the air, and they often spread mould into the building. Hong Kong buildings are some of the most inefficient in the world, since the winters are not cold. Builders did not consider that air conditioning would become a majo r expense and a major problem. Even in buildings where the temperature is comfortable. The air may not be clean. Builders can do both with simpler technology and pay less (Dauncey, 2004). Many companies even consider these

Modern Ethical Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Modern Ethical Theories - Essay Example It suggests that all our acts are motivated by our self interest. People act selfishly to promote happiness and foster their self interest. Thomas Hobbes, a believer of psychological egoism, emphasized that people are selfish unconsciously. They do things for their own interest or for their own survival. With this statement, it cancels its real essence if we talk about doing things for others. If we do things for other people, does it always means that we did it for our own interest That's the big argument now. According to Hinman, there are two interpretations about psychological egoism, it's either people act for selfishness or they act for their own interest. It may sound the same but between these two interpretations, there is a difference. It actually depends upon one's motive or the consequence the person gets doing things for other people. If we intend to do something good for other people, we did it because it satisfies us inside. It rarely happens for a person to act genuinely for it self. They even sometimes hide what's the real them. Instead, people act apparently in their self-interest. What is more vocal of a person is when it acts for a certain motive. The essence of psychological egoism cancels out when intentions comes in. It falsifies its real meaning if we consciously do something or intend something. If there are two interpretations of psychological egoism there are also two versions of ethi... l to promote one's good, it is essentially never moral not to do so-that is, there may be conditions in which the avoidance of personal interest may be a moral action. There are personal, individual, and universal ethical egoism. The first implies that a person does only his self interest and disregards the other person's behavior. The individual ethical egoism states that all people should serve my own interest and universal ethical egoism means that all persons should act exclusively for their self-interest. Among the three, the personal ethical egoism is the weakest. This kind of ethical egoism is not recommendable to others for what is important is your own interest. The strongest among the three is the universal ethical egoism. This states that you should only pursue your self-interest exclusively. Psychological egoism and ethical egoism is two different things. Psychological egoism emphasizes that human beings are selfish in nature. They don't notice it because it is subconscious. In contrast to this, ethical egoism is a kind of egoism which states that a person's action is done by the person's best self-interest. It may harm or benefit others. Ethical egoism is defined by an inherent desire to perform altruistic acts while psychological egoism is defined by inbuilt selfishness of all acts. Ethical egoism doctrines states that all persons must act to their own interest while the doctrines in psychological egoism stresses that a human's motivation of every voluntary action is a need for humans own happiness. The difference is between fact for psychological egoism and value for ethical egoism. With the two kinds of egoism we have there is a thin line between what is selfish and what self-interest is. We can say that humans are being selfish because we claim for

Of mice and men Essay Example for Free

Of mice and men Essay In the novel of mice and men many of the characters are lonely. They have no one that really cares for them. This could be because that individual is coloured, female or that the person doesnt fit in with anyone. One of the characters that are lonely in this novel is Characters such as crooks who are lonely because hes black (coloured). Crooks spend the vast majority of his time in the barn. The only way he can socialise with the other men is when theyre all playing horse shoes. Other times, hes not allowed in the bunk house. For example Lennie, candy and Crooks were talking in the barn house and Curleys wife came in and they all wanted her to go. Crooks stood his ground to her as they were all arguing. He said You got no rights comin in a coloured mans room. You got no rights messing around in here at all. Now you jus get out, an get out quick. If you dont, Im gonna ast the boss not to ever let you come in the barn no more. Curleys wife replied with Listen nigger, you know what I can do to you if you open your trap. The book then reads Crooks seemed to grow small, and he pressed himself against the wall. Yes, maam. What Curleys wife meant by saying what she could do to crooks is that all she has to say to Curley or anyone, is that Crooks has been coming on to her and harassing her. Once she has said that, Curley will be after Crooks and beat him. No one will want to listen to Crooks side of the story simply because hes black (coloured). Other characters in the novel such as Curleys wife are also lonely. John Steinback purposely didnt give Curleys wife a name because it shows that she was not treated as a normal human being. In the novel Candy has his dog that is simply known as Candys dog. This is shown of what Curleys wife means to everyone in the novel. All that she was to everyone was Curleys property or owner. An example is in chapter three was, Did you see that girl? You mean Curleys girl? Like crooks, Curleys wife does not have a say in anything. In the novel Lennie is another character who is also lonely. He is mentally ill, and has the mind of a child who is five years old. He imitates quite often what George is doing, just like a child would do to someone else for example, He pulled his hat down a little more over his eyes, the way Georges was. He also has the tendency to forget things that he has been told, and is quite often called a crazy bastard by George. For example, So you forgot awready, did you? I gotta tell you again, do I? Jesus Christ, youre a crazy bastard. Like Crooks, And Curleys wife, Lennie cant go out with the other men, such as when the whole group went into town Lennie had to stay behind with Crooks. He can not do this because he cant be trusted with meeting strangers, such as like what happened in Weed when he supposedly raped that little girl. What really happened was that he just wanted to feel the girls dress because he likes to feel soft and furry materials, and he panicked and the only thing he could do was to hold on until George had to sock him. Lennie also is Lonely because he does not have the choice to do what he wants, George has to give him instructions and tell him whats right and whats wrong. At the near beginning of the novel Lennie wanted to keep a dead mouse which he said he had found dead, however George told him to give the mouse over to him and Lennie, (who loves to pet mice and furry things) and Lennie handed the mouse over to George and obeyed him. Its only a mouse George A mouse? A live mouse? Uh-uh. Jus a dead mouse, George. I didnt kill it. Honest I found it. I found it dead. Give it here, said George. Aw, leave me have it, George. Give it here! Lennies closed hand slowly obeyed. Lennie is also a tall built man who isnt aware of his own strengths. He likes to pet mice but always kills them because he doesnt know his own strength. E. g. They was so little, he said apologetically. Id pet em, and pretty soon they bit my fingers and I pinched their heads a little and they was dead. Lennie has also often been compared to animals in the novel. All these things about Lennie like being a bit dumb, being forgetful or just being childish are what I think make him so lonely in the novel. He is nothing like anyone else, he doesnt ever want to cause trouble but he does it all the time without knowing what hes getting himself into and because of that he can not socialise with many other people which I believe is resulting in his loneliness in the novel. Another character in the novel of mice and men who is lonely is Candy. Candy only has his dog to keep him company, and was very sad to see the dog go after he was shot due to his bad smell. Candy has only his dog and has always been devoted to it. When he was told to shoot the dog he looked at it for a while and replied. No, he said softly. No, I couldnt do that. I had Im too long. Not only does Candy require his dog for companionship but the dog needs Candy for basic survival, the dog obeys Candy. E. g. Come on boy. Come on, boy,he said gently. The old dog slowly and stiffly to his feet and followed the gently pulling leash. Even though the dog has been physically damaged, Candy still wants to stay with it and keep it. Ill put the old devil out of his misery right now and get it over with. Aint nothing left for him. Cant eat, cant see, cant even walk without hurtin. Candy even didnt except another little pup from slim because he loved that dog so much. So despite the dog being physically damaged and not being able to do anything, Candy needs the dog because its the only thing he has got and he loves it and has really gotten use to it. He was left feeling lonely after it was shot.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Emily Dickinson Essay Example for Free

Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Emily Dickinson Essay The lives and works of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Emily Dickinson may be different in many ways, but there are existential treads that bind these two people together by similarities. Elizabeth Browning became famous while she was alive and was very influential opposed to Emily Dickinson who became famous for her poems after she died. In the eighteenth century two of the finest poets; Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Emily Dickinson are two people who are close in certain aspects but completely different individuals. Thus, looking deeper into each individual’s lives and works will give us a better perception on these two poets. The Victorian poet â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning was born in 1806, March 6th Durham, England, and was the oldest child out of twelve children† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). â€Å"Elizabeth’s father, Edward Barrett, was a businessman who was very wealthy from many sugar plantations in Jamaica† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). As a child, Elizabeth wrote her first earliest known poem for her mother’s birthday and for her fifteenth birthday; her father had one of her poems privately printed. This poem was â€Å"The Battle of Marathon† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). â€Å"Elizabeth experienced her first sorrow in 1828 when her mother Mary suddenly died† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). â€Å"By the time Elizabeth had moved to London, her health was poor and she suffered from a spinal injury and shown signs of a lung condition but was never diagnosed† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). However in these conditions Elizabeth never seemed to give up her love for poetry. Shortly after Elizabeth’s brother, Edward, drowned in a boating accident on his way back to London (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). â€Å"Feeling responsible for his death, Elizabeth became a recluse and practically an invalid rarely leaving her room† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). This characteristic made Elizabeth similar to Emily Dickinson in the way that they are both easily affected by a tragic incident in their lives, resulting in the act of isolating themselves from others. â€Å"Elizabeth’s work brought her the man that would eventually woo, win, and marry her: Robert Browning† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). â€Å"Robert became so impressed with Elizabeth’s work that he wrote to her and over the course of the next few months, he and Elizabeth wrote to each other almost every day until they finally met on May 20, 1845, where they discovered that they were already in love† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). â€Å"More letters (over 500 in all) and visits continued until the two were secretly married on September 12, 1846† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). â€Å"The newlyweds fled to Florence, her father never forgave her, and she found herself disinherited. She and her father never reconciled† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). Elizabeth and Robert remained in Italy for the remainder of their lives and had a baby boy, Penini in 1849 (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). In 1850, Elizabeth’s â€Å"Sonnets from the Portuguese† were published. â€Å"Although they had been written as a private gift to Robert, her husband was so moved by the forty-four sonnets the he felt they should not be hidden from the world and published them, making the collection stand as her greatest well-known achievement† (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). Elizabeth died on June, 29, 1861, and was buried in Florence (â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning†). Likewise, Emily Dickinson’s writing was similar to Browning in the way that she crafted a new type of first person persona (Wider). â€Å"Like the speakers in Browning’s works, Dickinson’s are sharp-sighted observers who see the inescapable limitations of their societies as well as their imagined and imaginable escapes† (Wider). â€Å"In 1890, four years after Dickinson’s death, the first volume of her poetry appeared† (Wider). â€Å"Emily Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts† (Wider). â€Å"Emily’s father at the time of her birth was an ambitious young lawyer, and was educated at Amherst and Yale. He returned to his hometown and joined the ailing law practice of his father, Samuel Fowler Dickinson† (Wider). â€Å"Edward joined his father in the family home, built by Samuel in 1813† (Wider). â€Å"Active in the Whig Party, Edward was elected to the Massachusetts Start Legislature (1837-1839) and the Massachusetts State Senate (1842-1843)† (Wider). â€Å"Little was known of Emily’s mother† (Wider). â€Å"She often represented as a passive wife of a domineering husband† (Wider). â€Å"Emily wasn’t the only child of Edward and Emily Dickinson; she also had a brother William Austin Dickinson and a sister Livinia Norcross Dickinson† (Wider). â€Å"All three children attended the one-room primary school in Amherst and then moved on to Amherst Academy, the school out of which Amherst College had grown† (Wider). Futhermore, â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning was the most respected woman poet of the Victorian age† (Burlinson). â€Å"By 1900, she was better known as the heroine of a turbulent love story than as a prolific and successful writer† (Burlinson). â€Å"Browning was an experimental writer who felt sufficiently comfortable working within poetic convention to disrupt and revise it to her own ends† (Burlinson). â€Å"Elizabeth was known for writing sonnets, allegories, ballads, political odes, love poems, occasional verses, poetic dramas, and an epic, as well as essays in literary criticism and a translation of Aeschylus† (Burlinson). Her greatest poetic success was in the sonnets from the Portuguese as stated above in Elizabeth’s biography. Elizabeth poured all her profound thoughts into these sonnets and yet the exquisiteness if the mould has compelled a rigorous pruning alike of superabundant imagery, which has had the happiest affect (Arnold). â€Å"One of her best known poems from 1850 is â€Å"The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point,† an impassioned protest against slavery in which a black woman; the rape victim of her white master, murders her child† (Burlinson). â€Å"The rage and grief of the woman chillingly conveyed in the first-person narrative† (Burlinson). Elizabeth held a deep belief that poetry could change attitudes toward the world, and indeed it did. â€Å"Her poem â€Å"The Cry of the Children† caused a sensational reaction that caused public reform in a protest against the working conditions of children† (Burlinson). â€Å"In fact, Elizabeth is one of the greatest sonnet writers in our language, and she is worthy enough to be ranked side by side with Milton and Wordsworth† (Arnold). Elizabeth has managed to touch all the chief human relationships and when she touched them, it was always in a noble manner and severe simplicity which is greatly preferred to be her most luscious and copious versification (Arnold). Unlike Elizabeth, Emily seemed to be more reclusive with her life and at a young age Emily went into seclusion, resulting in her not socially maturing. Emily also avoided doing routine house work or other normal daily activities because she like being alone to dream and use her imagination (Southworth). Many readers believe that by shunning the realities of everyday life, Emily was able to find the greater reality in the realm of imagination (Southworth). Despite being lonely and frustrated she never out grew adolescence and this seemed to show in her poetry (Southworth). Her writings showed that she was not capable of grasping the joy of reality and that she really didn’t have a true understanding of life challenges (Southworth). Like Elizabeth, â€Å"Emily’s poems were meant to be and experience, to render experiences as well as refer to it† (Ryan). â€Å"For Emily the living presence is the poem itself. If it is not intermediately between the poet and the reader, it is the thing alive the reader experiences† (Ryan). â€Å"Dickinson was a master at grammar, rhythm, rhetoric, and narrative. A master of the inextricable, intricate, intimate and constantly shifting, interrelationship’s among them† (Ryan). â€Å"Emily Dickinson wrote nearly 1800 poems, but only seven were published in her lifetime. When the first posthumous collection of her work appeared in 1890, she was regarded as an interesting but idiosyncratic minor poet. As the twentieth century has progressed, however, her poetic achievement has won interesting recognition† (Tredell). â€Å"Dickinson nonetheless engages in an original and vibrant way with love, eroticism, nature, death, immortality and eternity. Her work is notable for its power and compression and complexity, its precise and startling phrasing, its inventiveness of rhythm and rhyme, and the exploratory daring which belies its apparent decorum† (Tredell). Emily said to Higginson that poetry is something that makes the body feel so cold that no fire could warm it, that if the reader physically feels as if the top of their head were taken off that its poetry. She claims that this is the only way she knows its poetry (Ryan). Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poem â€Å"The Cry of the Children† is about child labor. In this poem Elizabeth is trying to show us how the children feel about working and how it makes them sad and exhausted. They suffer as they work with trembling knees and heavy eyelids. The children are demanded to keep working no matter how tired and weak they are. I know that this is the theme because the speaker says â€Å"Do ye hear the children weeping,† (â€Å"The Cry of the Children†). This means that the children were weeping in sorrow because in the playtime of others they are working. Another detail that supports my idea for the theme is the lines â€Å"For oh, say the children, we are weary, / and we cannot run or leap;† (â€Å"The Cry of the Children†). This detail shows that the children are suffering that they are tired and weak. When Elizabeth describes how the children look she is using imagery by saying, â€Å"we are weary, / and we cannot run or leap; / if we cared for any meadows, it were merely / to drop down in them and sleep. / our knees tremble sorely in the stooping, / we fall upon our faces, trying to go; / and, underneath our heavy eyelids drooping, / the reddest flower would look as pale as snow† (â€Å"The Cry of the Children†). This connotation is showing how the children are looking and feeling this verse is not only using imagery but it also uses a simile to show how the children’s eyes are so tired and heavy that the reddest flower would look as pale as snow for them. Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"Heart, we will forget him† talks about how Emily is trying to forget the man that hurt her and her heart. In the poem Emily is instructing her heart â€Å"to forget the warmth† and that she will forget â€Å"the light†. â€Å"But Emily is scared that if her heart takes too long to forget, then it will give her time to remember, thus causing her to not be able to carry out her self-given assignment† (â€Å"Heart, we will forget him†). I know that the theme of the poem is getting over someone you love by the line â€Å"Heart, we will forget him† (â€Å"Heart, we will forget him†). This line is referring to Emily’s heart trying to forget the man that hurt both her and her heart. Another detail supporting my thought for the theme is the line â€Å"you may forget the warmth he gave / I will forget the light† (â€Å"Heart, we will forget him†). This line is trying to demonstrate that the heart is trying to forget the warmth that the man gave it and that Emily will try to forget the light he brought to her world. In this poem Emily tells the heart what do to by commands making the hearts seem as if it can act, think and follow orders like a brain. By making the heart have a human characteristic Emily is using the literary device personification. Emily also uses a literary device called tautology which is use when there is a repetition of words, and in the first stanza of â€Å"Heart, we will forget him† Emily uses the word forget three times to emphases that she and her heart will forget the one that broke them. Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Emily Dickinson were two poets that works were very similar in structure despite being born in different ears. The two poets depicted similar first person’s personas in their writings and became famous for it. Although Elizabeth became famous while she was alive, Emily Dickinson did not. Each poet however had their work published and found by someone else. Elizabeth’s husband was the person who made her forty-four sonnets one of her well-known achievements and for Emily her sister Livinia was the founder of many poems left from her death. By comparing the works and lives of Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Emily Dickinson, we can conclude that the inner life of an artist has more impact on their literary output than the external factors that shaped their lives. Works Cited Arnold, William T. â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861).† The English Poets: The Nineteenth Century, Wordswort to Rossetti. Ed. Thomas Humphry Ward. Vol. 4. Macmillan and Co., 1893. 562-567. Rpt. in Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Laurie Lanzen Harris. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale Research, 1981. Literature Resource Center. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. Burlinson, Kathryn. â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning: Overview.† Reference Guide to English Literature. Ed. D. L. Kirkpatrick. 2nd ed. Chicago: St. James Press, 1991. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. â€Å"Elizabeth Barrett Browning.† LitFinder Contemporary Collection. Detroit: Gale, 2007. LitFinder. Wed. 6 Dec. 2011. Ryan, Michael (American College Teacher). â€Å"Dickinson’s Stories.† The American Poetry Review Mar.-Apr. 2009: 5+. Literature Resource Center. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. Southworth, James Granville. â€Å"Emily Dickinson.† Some Modern American Poets. James Granville Southworth. Blackwell, 1950. 14. LitFinder. Web. 11 Dec. 2011. Tredell, Nicholas. â€Å"Emily Dickinson: Overview.† Gay and Lesbian Biography. Ed. Michael J. Tyrkus and Michael Bronski. Detroit: St. James Press, 1997. Literature Resources from Gale. Web. 28 Jan. 2012. Wider, Sarah Ann. â€Å"Emily (Elizabeth) Dickinson.† The American Renaissance in New England: Fourth Series. Ed. Wesley T. Mott. Detroit: Gale Group, 2001. Dictionary of Literary Biography Vol. 243. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 Dec. 2011.

Acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover by Tata

Acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover by Tata In 2008 Tata Motors, an Indian automaker wanted to expand its product portfolio and diversify its market base. It acquired the two iconic British brands Jaguar and Land Rover from the American automaker Ford Motor Corporation. This acquisition gave the company access to premium cars, a chance to add two iconic luxury brands to its stable and a global footprint. It gave struggling Ford a chance to rid itself of two loss-making vehicle units. JLR SWOT and PESTEL Analysis 2018 > The deal was transformational. It catapulted Tata Motors from a commercial vehicle and small-car manufacturer to a global player with marquee brands in its portfolio. The scale of the acquisition also was large relative to the size of Tata Motors The purchase especially that of Jaguar, by an Indian company was viewed as toppling of the world order and many critics expressed doubts about Tatas ability to retain the quality and standard of Jaguar Land Rover. Tata Group Chairman Ratan Tata assured the world that we have enormous respect for the two brands and will endeavour to preserve and build on their heritage and competitiveness, keeping their identities intact. For the 12-month period ended Dec 31, 2010, the auto makers revenue was in excess of 9.2 billion pounds ($15 billion), and net income for that period was $1.5 billion. The Tata Group, led by Mr. Ratan Tata, was determined to make the deal work and put to use the groups management skills, financial resources and credibility. To staunch the haemorrhage at the British unit, Tatas management focused on reducing costs, improving efficiencies and managing cash flow lessons that Tata Motors had learned during the downturn in 2001. Tata also infused $1 billion to fund operations and new product launches. When the market turned, the premier car maker was well poised to reap the benefits and turned profitable during the quarter ended Dec. 31, 2009, with a net profit of 55 million pounds ($90.6 million). HISTORY OF JAGUAR AND LANDROVER: Jaguar and Land Rover are two iconic British brands that were acquired by Ford Motor Corporation in 1989. Land Rover is a British car manufacturer that specializes in four wheel drive  vehicles. The name started from a single vehicle that was named by the Rover Company as Land Rover in the year 1948. After developments, this became a porch of a variety of four-wheel drive models such as Discovery, Defender, Range Rover and Freelander. In its history this company has had a number of ownership (Holbeche, 2009). In 1967 Leyland Motor Corporation absorbed the Rover Company. Leyland then formed a merger with the British Motor Holdings and formed British Leyland. The new company broke up in the 1980s but in 1988 the Land Rover (Rover Group) was purchased by British Aerospace. The Rover Group was acquired by BMW in the year 1994 but the merger broke down in 2000 where The Rover Group was taken up by Ford Motor Company. It was in the year 2008 that Land Rover was sold to Tata Motors t ogether with Jaguar cars (Johnson Turner, 2009). Jaguar Cars Ltd or Jaguar is a British luxury car manufacturer whose headquarters are located in Coventry UK. In 1922 the company was founded as Swallow Sidecar Company that used to make motorcycle sidecars and later passenger cars. After the Second World War, the SS connotations were unfavourable and then the name changed to Jaguar. The name changed to Leyland and eventually British Leyland in 1984 when it was listed in the London Stock Exchange. THE SALE: In the year 2007, the Ford Motor Company, a widely respected company which also happened to be the worlds third largest automaker based on vehicle sales worldwide, reported the largest annual loss in the history of establishment of the company since 1903.The Company reported a loss of $12.8 billion. It also stated that it would not return to profitability until 2009. Ford stated that weak economy is the primary reason to sell Jaguar and Land Rover. The two brands were however suffering losses often resulting in closure of few manufacturing plants and heavy cut in workforce The strategic Purchase: Tata Motors Limited stood to have both strategic and economic gains form the acquisition of both Jaguar and Land Rover. First and foremost, the deal would assist the company in acquiring a global footprint as well as entering the prestigious segment of the worldwide automobile market. After this deal, Tata Motors owned the cheapest car in the world (The Nano) going at around 2,500 as well as some of the most expensive and luxurious vehicles such as Land Rover and the Jaguar . Though the deal solicited some skeptism based on the fact that Tata was an Indian company that was about to display the luxury brands, ownership should not be a major issue in terms of the sales, service and marketing. Tata Motors will be promoted to become a major player in this industry after the acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover both of which have global presence as well as a good repertoire in terms of established brands, (Johnson Turner, 2009). The deal would also assist Tata Motors in reducing the dependence of the company to the Indian market which was at 90% of the companys sales before the acquisition. It is in this view that the company stands to gain a lot from the deal as its market would be spread out to other geographical regions across the globe. The opportunities in terms of the diverse customer segments would also be increased (Holbeche, 2009). There was the possibility of increased in terms of economies of scale which in turn promotes the cost efficiency. In real sense the deal will appear as an amalgamation of three different companies that have already gone into the market and as a result, the new firm that will be formed after the acquisition will have some increased operation scale. This will mean that the output production will rise and as a result the cost per unit production will be greatly reduced (Johnson Turner, 2009).    Tata Motors Limited prospected that the acquisition of the two Brands would enable it to have an all-inclusive line up of products ranging from cheapest to the most expensive automobiles in the market. The company has marked its presence in the local market (India) in the low as well as the mid-class market segments and after the acquisition; the company is likely to experience some of the segmentation of the markets that it has never plunged into. Jaguar cars are prestigious and luxurious and as a result the cars have an established market for most of the celebrities especially in the music world. On the other hand the Land Rover is a heavy duty vehicle and based on the fact that it is a four-wheel drive it is preferred by most of the governments to carry out different tasks in the rural areas where the road network is not developed, the vehicles are also famous among the affluent class of citizens and therefore the deal will enable Tata Motors to plunge into these market segmentati ons in which the company was not famous in (Johnson Turner, 2009). It is also worth to note that the other than the product incorporation, the company was facing tight competition from some of the chief opulence vehicles producers.   This segment of the market brought a lot of profits to the company it was highly competitive in terms of the global market. It was the prestigious brands that dominated the market based on the fact that they had the support of the big automobile companies. The German Porsche and the American Volkswagen companies backed some of the luxurious brands such as Audi and Porsche. Other brands that had the support of big companies included Mercedes, Lexus, Alfa Romeo, Ferrari and Fiat. After the deal, Tata Motors Limited would now be able to tackle these brands competitively (Holbeche, 2009). 2- What strengths of Jaguar and Land Rover were the most valuable for Tata? Through Tata Motors acquisition of two of the most respected and iconic British brands that is Land Rover and Jaguar from the Ford Motors based in the United States, Tata motors stands to enjoy some gain on several grounds from that deal. This acquisition came in handy for Tata since it helped the company in acquiring a global foundation hence ushering them into a more extended premier segment in regard to the global market of auto mobile products. Through this acquisition Tata would slide into possession of the cheapest car in the world thus the Nano at $2,500 in addition to recognized and well respected luxurious brands like the Land Rover and the Jaguar. Tata motors acquisition of these two top brands was that the acquisition of JRL would help it reduce its over dependence on India as it formed its capital marker accounting for almost 90 percent of all of its sales. The company was convinced that this acquisition would present the company with a lot of opportunities to venture its business across different segments that marked a lot of potential in customer acquisition (Bhabatosh, 2010). In this regard Tata gained almost a 100 percent stakes in some companies. For instance it gained stakes in three U.K. pants, approximately twenty six sales companies nationwide, two advanced engineering and design centres, IP right, allowances for taxes amounting to approximately $1.1 B in addition to $600 worth of pension. Tatas main motivation in making this acquirement was based on the fact that they would be now able to outsource their products to many countries globally. Other than taking technology from these two brands Tata intended to use their strong markets so that they can introduce their other brands in those areas where these two brands have already penetrated and established in a bit to expand their market a bit more. As highlighted above Tata wanted to build a name outside India and hence make its presence felt in India. Most of it brands had only established a strong market in India and hence not particularly popular in the global market. Tata therefore capitalized on its desire to establish a greatly diversified line up of auto mobiles as this acquisition helped it up grade since it now recognizes as one of the manufactures that owns the cheapest car to some of the worlds most expensive models. Apart from this Tata gained in terms of new technological know-how and all the viable networks that can come as a log with is such a chance hence as earlier stated it will be able to penetrate the global market and hence compete with other manufactures who have already embraced latest technology (Bhabatosh, 2010). On top of this Tata would also be able to upgrade its old products that it has been offering in the blooming local or home market. In addition to using the companies technology Tata will also u se its facilities of production to make desirable improvements in its trucks and cars. Though the acquisition will cost Tata Company an approximate of $1 Billion it would actualize Tatas dream to go international band hence become one of the first brand in India to make global products hence its business will achieve diversity overseas. Major challenges: Despite the benefits that have been identified above Tata also underwent some major challenges as a result of the acquisition of the Jaguar and the Land Rover. One of the major challenges that the Tata Company would face was nurturing these two brands and making them thrive in their own books in the market.   The jaguar and the Land Rover are luxurious and expensive cars and there fore Tata has the uphill task of maintaining it standards and also up grading them so that they will be able to compete with other luxurious brands who are upgrading day in day out in a bid to try and fetch good market by attracting more customers. On the other hand the acquisition also goes to the negative for Tata since it increased Tata volatility in earnings since this happened at a very difficult economic crisis in the JRLs chief markets including the United States and also Europe. Tata motors were liable to incurring huge capital expenditures in its plan to make investments in another U.S $2.3 billion it would spend on the acquisition (Aswathappa, 2008).   Tata motors had also at the same period incurred huge capital expenditures in regard to making developments on one of its cheapest cars the Nano in addition to a joint venture with fiat in order for them to make their manufacturing of some of their vehicles in India. The other problems will be that Tata will encounter difficulties in leveraging Jaguar and Land Rover dealers to sell Tatas products.   This is because Tata has no obvious synergies between them and  JLR and in addition to this Tata has no expertise in kits marketing segments especially at such at a time when some of the markets like the United States and Europe are at a low tide. Tata Motors will also have to contend with stiff competition from other companies that have a good command in selling luxurious car in market segments that have been highly profitable but have been facing intense global competition (Aswathappa, 2008). These segments have other dominant brands which receive a lot of support from big automobile companies. For instanced the Volkswagen which is a car manufacturer of the American decent had been very aggressively backing up their brands like Audi as well as other models like the Mercedes from Daimler and Toyota with it Lexus were putting a lot of pressur e on Tata. The other major challenge that Tata will have in regard to making sales in the Jaguar and the Land Rover will be to sell them in a market that is so competitive and one which is not also growing. If stricter impositions on emission norms are made it would also be a very big challenge for Tata Motors Limited. Apart from these emission and competition norms Tata Motors Limited also face a major challenge in the funding as well as management. To go back to the governments tendency to make increments in markets that are developing to impose emission norms that are stricter the future of Tata Motors would be facing an uphill task. Though ford continues to support Tata Motors with engine supplies and technological support, Tata will eventually have to come up with their own capabilities in regard to building engines that are more advanced, safer and transmission systems in order to be at par with other luxury vehicles manufactures (Aswathappa, 2008). Failure to establish such kinds of capabilities difficulties will arise in distinguishing Tatas brands from those of its competitors. Recommendations: The acquisition was thought to have a host of synergies. For instance, from this deal Tata expected to venture into and premium all terrain vehicles and luxury vehicle segments (Bruner 2004). By combining the resource and the strength of both companies Tata expected to undergo a major improvement in its international market position, something that it ultimately underwent after the successful consummation of the deal.   This gave the company an entry point to the luxury car market a move that was expected to improve their balance sheet and increase their presence in the global market .this is because the luxury car market has a global presence .Tata motors also expected to improve their global marketing by acquiring the brands that were already known all over the globe by exploiting the markets that the acquired company already had ventured into. The company also expected to tap the technical expertise that the Land Rover and Jaguar employees had. Therefore the company expecte d to improve their sales and manufacturing practices this is gaining from the expertise that they had acquired while work for their former company. There were also expectations that the skills that they had acquired while working for the acquired company could be passed on to the Tata company employees through their interactions therefore the company had expectations that their human resource capital would improve as a result of working and interacting with the employees of the acquired brands. Thus their combined technological expertise from the two companies was also expected to give birth to more superior products in future and new better practices that could lead to more market opportunities.   The acquisition was also expected to enhance the sharing of industrys best practices and especially in manufacturing sector and also in the system and process of quality assurance. This is because the two companies had different best practices that made them unique and as a result of their coming together new improved ways of doing things was one of the expected outcomes. In 2007 the acquired company had 75% sales in the UK, USA and European market while Tata was more reliant on the Asian market especially the Indian market therefore Tata motors   expected to   exploit these market that the acquired company had already broken to .in other words if Tata motors had tried to enter these markets with only their own brands the marketing cost would have been extremely higher and therefore increased their cost but with the brands that had already acquired consumer loyalty all over Europe and in the UK and USA market marketing their own brands alongside the acquired ones was ex pected to be gainful and less cost prohibitive. The move was expected to reduce the Tata motors reliance on the Indian market and the company expected to improve their sales and profits through this diversity. It was also through this acquisition that Tata got a broader utility vans and SUV portfolio and therefore improved their range of brands. This improvement in their portfolio would have cost the Tata motors a lot in terms of designing and market entry not to mention the manufacturing cost.   This implies that they acquired the technical skills that already had been applied and would have increased their production costs of the company to develop on their own and to introduce their products into the market before winning the customers. Therefore through this acquisition Tata gained in terms of cost reduction market, portfolio improvement .In the luxury car market Tata would have probably taken years to break into this market and spent a lot of money to design a product that would have become widely acceptable as a luxurious model   and compete with   those already in the market and are widely accepted in this class as the jaguar .Therefore by acquiring jaguar the compan y immediately gained a competitive advantages in the industry and in the luxury car market since the brand was already widely accepted (Carney 2009). In terms of saving time and costs therefore the company immediately gained after acquiring the jaguar brand. This puts Tata in an advantageous position in the luxury car market in that should they choose to increase their portfolio in this sector they can market their new models alongside the jaguar model and therefore exploit the brand loyalty that jaguar commands in the market. The company also gained from the supply chains that the acquired brands already had this also plays a part in their cost reduction strategies. Tata had the advantage of having lower production cost while their acquisition had higher production cost and therefore unprofitable. The acquisition therefore could help the jaguar and land rover models reduce their cost by applying the cost saving measures that made Tata enjoy lower production cost. This would certainly help the two brands return to profitability. Conclusion The acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover was gainful to the Tata motors in that the company immediately gained competitive advantages in the industry since Jaguar and Land Rover in the SUV and luxury car market these brands were already widely accepted. The company also gained cost reduction advantages because in the luxury car market Tata would have probably taken years to break into this market and spent a lot of money to design a product that would have become widely acceptable as a luxurious model .Tata also gained in that they acquired the technical skills that already had been applied .They also lowered their production costs since to develop on their own brands and to introduce their products into the market and win their customers would have increased their costs.

Should Ecstasy be legal? :: essays research papers

â€Å"Ecstasy†, a drug with many different opinions and views, is often viewed as a killer, which is a stretch of the truth. The drug is sometimes thought of as one of the worst things in the world, but also as the best. Health issues are a problem and there have been some deaths .The deaths though are no way near the number of alcohol or cigarette deaths. How could such a beautiful word be considered such a horrible thing . Ecstasy can kill, but you can die tomorrow by being hit by a car or getting shot, why not live your life to the fullest. Live everyday as if it were your last, but don’t be stupid about it. Ecstasy does not kill a person, that’s just the excuse they use for ruining their life or killing themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Certain people including doctors and parents have set up and had conferences and meetings to inform other parents and children of the â€Å"hug drug.† A man named Jeff Milgram wrote a article on www.lindesmith.org he said, â€Å"usually when your children would ask you if they could attend a non-alcoholic dance, you would be more than happy to let them attend. But do you really know what they are getting into? Those â€Å"dances† are known as raves and are one of them ultimate and most popular place to drop ‘E’ †.Health hazards range from any where to raise in temperature and faintness to nausea and grinding of the teeth .But continued use can result in â€Å"holes† in the brain and even liver damage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yes ecstasy is used at â€Å"raves†, but not by everyone. Natural â€Å"ravers† (sober ravers), are given a bad rap because their title â€Å"raver† is automatically connected to ecstasy. Yes many people at raves drop ecstasy but just as many do not. Many people have been permanently effected by â€Å"ecstasy â€Å", but those people say that the drug â€Å"ruined their life† when in actuality â€Å"they ruined their own life.† A girl named Sarah who was interviewed by channel 6 â€Å"true life on ecstasy â€Å" had done ecstasy for 3 years. However, the mistake in her part was that she had done it almost EVERY day. When she had gotten her brain scanned, she had a brain of a 75-year-old woman who had multiple strokes. Sarah at the time was only 25, but take into consideration that she more than â€Å"abused † the drug.

Sustainable Agriculture Essay -- Research Paper Ranching Farming Paper

Sustainable Agriculture Agriculture has been a fundamental component of human societies for centuries. It is so fundamental in fact that it is often forgotten by those dependent on its products, but not directly involved in the production. As we enter the 21st century, agriculture is beginning to receive more attention from the general public as the implications of farming are realized and the problem of potential world wide food shortage is addressed. With the future in focus, much of agricultural establishment uses words like biotech, and high-tech to describe their goals for U.S. agriculture. With few exceptions, traditional agriculturalists see a continuing trend of industrial agricultural practices that continue to drive production to fewer, larger, and more specialized production units which are virtually responsible for all stages of the production globally. This increased specialization is dependent on new biological technologies and information technologies at all levels from farms on which the foo d is produced to the markets where it is distributed. While these forecasts are legitimate, a growing number of agriculturalists, concerned public, and educators envision a very different future for agriculture. Such a view is represented in the writings of John E. Ikerd, an agricultural economist and Professor Emeritus at the University of Missouri. In his paper, "Sustainable Agriculture: a necessary alternative to industrial agriculture", Ikerd questions whether the guiding trends of agriculture in the past hundred years can continue to be the guiding force of agriculture. He argues the while the tools of the "high-tech" future may be different from the tools of the industrial age, the objectives to specialize, mechan... ...l>. --- "Sustainable Agriculture: A Positive Alternative to Industrial Agriculture" 7 December, 1996. October 4, 2002 <http://www.ssu.missouri.edu/faculty/jikerd/papers/ks-hrtld.htm>. --- "Rethinking the Role of Agriculture in the Future of Rural Communities" 25, January 2002. October 4, 2002. <http://www.ssu.missouri.edu/faculty/JIkerd/papers/YaleRural%20Studies.html>. Pretty, Jules N. Regenerating Agriculture: Policies and Practice for Sustainability and Self-reliance. Washington, D.C.: Joseph Henry Press, 1995. --- "Supporting Policies and Practice." Facilitating Sustainable Agriculture. ed. N. G. Roling and M.A.E. Wagemakers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1998. USDA Press Release. "Fitting Farming Practices to Minimize Water Pollutionà ¤ 17 November 2000. November 10, 2002 <http://www.pestlaw.com/x/press/2000/USDA-20001117A.html>.

Essay --

An organisation may host a corporate event for a number of reasons. A party could be appropriate for launching a new product. Alternatively, a social gathering might be management’s way of showing appreciation for employees. Regardless of its purpose, such an occasion needs careful planning. Numerous details need to be attended to. However, these important considerations are worth noting. Food Food is an asset in any event. This is especially true if that seminar or gala will last for several hours. People with empty stomachs won’t be in a party food. So it’s important that they have something to nibble on. The following factors normally affect food selection. †¢ Time of the party †¢ Weather †¢ Number of guests While it’s not mandatory, many party planners opt for delicacies that match the theme. They rely on restaurants, which offer essential catering (http://www.essentialcaterer.com.au/) services, to execute this. If it’s Halloween bash, for instance, expect to see a pumpkin cheese ball or white meringue ghosts on the menu. Be mindful of guests that have specific dietary requir...

Field Commander Paper

I would like to try out for a leadership position in the band, also known as field commander. I understand that this requires maximum dedication and hard work throughout the year. It is my responsibility to put that into action and consideration for my fellow band members and staff. Putting everybody first will be my intention in all occasions. I currently play the clarinet all year around as a sophomore. I have been focused on this for five years now, and I know that I will promote and sustain that in being a field commander as well. I try to achieve all that is possible with my talents along with my other activities.I participate in solo and ensemble, all-county band, all-district band, percussion ensemble, and the drama department as activities each year. These activities mold me into an experienced musician and has allowed me to strive for my desires and appreciate the art in life. Not only do I try to accomplish these events in the band, but I am also a leader of the school. Thi s year is my ninth year of being a cheerleader and it has taught me a lot about respect. I understand that people do not consider cheerleading a sport, but they do not take into their consideration the hard work we put into everything we do.This also relates to the band because it is not known as a competitive sport, but we work just as hard in our job and perfecting performances, just as much as any athlete. Nine years of the same activity takes lots of endurance and dedication into a certain passion, and I have learned over the years to have this. Self control is an important role in the job. With being in charge of an extensive group, self control is a key quality to embrace. It will be my job to step up and avoid any difficulties or problems, simply because nobody else will. As a leader, I must make peace among everybody and show no disrespect towards any other student.Everything I do, I remember the simple word, effort. Essentially, if we think of ourselves as naturally smart o r marvelous at particular characteristics, then putting effort into improving will imply that we aren’t particularly strong at it in the first place. As a group, we need to put in the same amount of effort together, to be more like one. It is our goal to become one as a whole and learn to do everything as a â€Å"team†. I will enforce this as being a leader and help the band members in anything they need. I believe that I have the ability to be a leader.I have a vision of where I want to go, along with my plan of success for my band. I’m aware of making difficult decisions that requires confidence along with motivation. Helping others is one of my best traits I have, I can articulate their ideals to others, convincing them of the value. Inspiring people to work toward common goals and to achieve things they never thought they could do is something I know I have the potential to do. I am also aware of my own strengths and weaknesses. I recognize others disadvanta ges, and am able to make changes when necessary. Leaders must be trustworthy before others will follow them.I admit that I am reliable upon most things and will try my hardest to be there for everybody when needed. I want to continue to help others to learn and grow together by having fun. I want us all to be open to new ideas and look beyond our abilities. Last, I have the courage to act in situations where results aren’t assured. I’m willing to risk failure and understand that everything will not go perfectly. By knowing this, I will remain patient and accept that it is a result of learning. Field commanding is a difficult duty. I as a student has went through a thought process about this job, and accepted it.I know that I can help the band form into one, yet remember that I have to take in the most discipline. I’m willing to be told to do anything, and do it. With all of my hard work and effort, I’m ready to be a leader. I have always wanted to be the person in front of the stands conducting with a group of people relying on me. I want to make this year fun and full of memories and the year of 2012-2013 an unforgettable time. This is a job for me, and I know that I’m ready. Thank you for your time and consideration, I appreciate all the attention given. Sincerely,

A Marriage Quite Like an Arch Essay

John Ciardi’s poem â€Å"Most Like an Arch This Marriage†. Ciardi uses symbolism, similes, metaphors, and imagery when comparing marriage to an arch. Marriage is about strength, when two connections come together and meet each other in the middle to form a strong bond as they uphold one another. The poem describes marriage as an archway that can withstand the forces of nature and gain its strength from two pillars that come together at one point. In the first quatrain, the speaker turns to the description of how a marriage is like an arch, using formal diction to illustrate an image in the reader’s mind with similes, â€Å"Most like an arch–an entrance which upholds† (Line 1). Both sides of an arch hold an entrance up; an arch is typically a â€Å"curved structural member spanning an opening and serving as a support† (â€Å"Arch† Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 1 June 2014). â€Å"Mass made idea, and idea held in place; A lock in time; Inside half-heaven unfolds† (3-4). Passion a man has for his woman is sealed by the bond of marriage, a sacred bond â€Å"locked in time†, â€Å"inside half-heaven†, a marriage searches for unity and perfection. In the second quatrain, the speaker compares two weaknesses, two fallings, two joined abeyances that mold into one strength. â€Å"Most like an arch–two weaknesses that lean into a strength; two falling become firm / Two joined abeyances become a term naming the fact that teaches fact to mean† (5-8). Two individuals leading a single life have many obstacles to face, but when the two individuals conjoin they become stronger as one, and as one they can tackle whatever obstacle that is thrown their way as long as they’re united. In the third quatrain, the speaker portrays a longing, a need between two strengths. â€Å"Not quite that? Not much less. World as it is, what’s strong and separate falter† (9-10). A strayed individual maybe strong, but walking alone makes that individual weak. â€Å"All I do, at piling stone on stone apart  from you is roofless around nothing. Till we kiss† (11-12). â€Å"Piling stone on stone†, building a wall between them, when you are apart from your significant other it feels like an eternity, like you are missing your other half, â€Å"apart from you is roofless around nothing† (11-12). â€Å"Till we kiss† (12), the separation feels like an eternity until we kiss, and then it feels like we are whole again. In the final quatrain, the speaker explains that even though couples are flawed, they are together through thick and thin. â€Å"It is by falling in and in we make the all-bearing point, for one another’s sake, in faultless failing, raised by our own weight† (14-16). Each person is going to have their faults and at times both people may fail in something together, but it is with the love and strength of their marriage that they are able to rise up from whatever obstacle and be stronger for having gone through it together.

Importance of Identity and Good vs. Evil in the Epic Story Beowulf Essay

The epic story Beowulf narrates the story of the hero named Beowulf and his legendary battle with the monster Grendel and later on, Grendel’s mother who longed for revenge because of the death of her beloved son (Kennedy).   This epic story, along with many other epic stories, has central themes on the importance of identity and the popular topic on good versus evil. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these two central themes of Beowulf.   This paper is cut into two sections.   The first section discusses the theme of importance of identity in the epic story while the second section discusses the depiction of good and evil within the story. Importance of Identity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story of Beowulf emphasizes the importance of identity (Raffel, p. 135).   In the story, almost everyone introduces himself in terms of who his parents or ancestors were.   Moreover, almost everyone in the story has an act or wants to act to continue the legacy of their ancestors (Anderson).   This very belief mirrors the principles of the people who lived in those times.   These people believed that there is no afterlife and thus, his soul can live forever if and only if he does something of great value that can never be surpassed or forgotten.   In the story, Beowulf illustrates the pride of their ancestry by helping King Hrothgar who once aided Beowulf’s father. In addition to the eternal glory of the soul, these people also believed that by doing something great, he brings pride and eternity to his ancestry. This is what they call the heroic code (Fellow, p. 7).   They further believed that once you defy the heroic code, you will be dishonored by your ancestors, your reputation will be destroyed and your soul will be punished with death —you will not be remembered forever and your children’s children will also inherit this dishonor. Good vs. Evil   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Along with many other stories, Beowulf also tackles the ever famous battle between good and evil.   Our hero Beowulf is the symbol of everything good in the story.   He went to Denmark and bravely told King Hrothgar (king of Denmark at the time) that he will battle with the monster Grendel sailing with only a few men by his side (Raffel).   His bravery also led him to defeat Grendel and later on, face the monster’s mother.   The evil side is symbolized by Grendel, his mother, and his future brother and Beowulf’s son, the dragon. When Grendel hears any kind of noise (to him any sound is considered a noise), he goes on to kill whoever makes that noise without any consideration who this person might be.   Grendel’s mother is an avenger who killed one of Beowulf’s loyal advisers to avenge the death of her son (Anderson).   Beowulf, however, was not threatened by this act and comes to the monster’s lair to kill her. He becomes the story’s messiah — he saved the lives of the people of Herot by slaying all that is evil.   He embodied the good side because of his courage to fight with the dragon.   He sacrificed himself in order to save his people.   Moreover, he is the bringer of more treasures to his own kingdom.   Thus, good and evil in this story symbolizes the eternal battle between God and Satan and light and darkness.   And as always, good triumphs over evil, God wins over Satan, and darkness will never exist in the presence of overpowering light. Works Cited Anderson, Carolyn. â€Å"Gaest, gender, and kin in Beowulf: Consumption of the boundaries†. April 12 2008. . Fellow, W.P Ker. Epic and romance: Essays on medieval literature. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1897. Kennedy, Charles W. Beowulf: The oldest English epic. London: Oxford University Press, 1978. Niles, John D. â€Å"Understanding Beowulf: Oral poetry acts.† Journal of American Folklore 106.420 (1993): 131-55. Raffel, Burton, ed. Beowulf. Reprint ed: Signet Classics, 1999.   

My Immigration Research Paper Essay

In this paper I will use the ethical theories of utilitarianism and deontology, as well as the perspective of ethical egoism, as they pertain to the issue of immigration. Living in a state bordering Mexico [New Mexico], this is indeed becoming a pressing issue as tens of thousands of illegal immigrants flood my state and neighboring states. This issue brings up many questions such as: 1 – What is our moral obligation to these immigrants? 2- What is our moral obligation to U.S. citizens that are affected by this influx? 3- Is it morally right for smugglers to profit from the pain of those seeking safety, security, and a better life? 4- Is it morally/ethically right for parents to subject their children to the long, lonely, dangerous journey to the United States. By applying the theories and perspective noted above, I will show that if this issue is not handled immediately, the consequences will be detrimental to both U.S. citizens and the immigrants as well. The desire of the immigrants to obtain a better life does not preclude them from following current laws and processes. While they act from a position of self -interest, their actions impact many others in the process. From October 2012 through September 2013, the Border Patrol has apprehended about 24,000 unaccompanied children at the border. Between October 2013 and the end of June 2014, the number rose to 57,000. It is estimated this number could reach 90,000 by the end of September 2014. Most are coming from El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. Once the immigrants arrive in the United States, what is our moral obligation to them? Under current law, these children are placed under the custody of the Department of Health and Human Services which works to place them with family members in the U.S. while awaiting a court date. The influx has created the largest backlog in immigration courts. â€Å"In the first half of the year there were 366,724 pending cases. As of March the average wait time for  a case was 578 days, according to the Justice Department records.† Experience has shown many immigrants never show up to these hearings.† Deontology claims an act is to be evaluated in terms of its accordance with a set of rules. Consequently, it is clear that these immigrants have broken the immigration laws of the U.S. both in the way they entered the country and in their refusal to attend court hearings. Their flight to this country clearly is done for the person’s self- interest. They hope to flee the dangers and poverty of their home countries to seek a better life in the United States. However, does the actions of the immigrant outweigh the effect of this influx on the population of the United States? Once here, national, state, local and charitable organizations are being used to house, feed, provide medical care, and other assistance to these immigrants. Meanwhile, United States veterans, homeless, mentally ill, and the elderly go without needed services. Should our own citizens not be our main focus? In my state of New Mexico, one of the poorest in the nation, we are currently housing and processing hundreds, if not thousands of these immigrants. My town of Las Cruces has opened its churches to house and care for the immigrants, even though many of the children here do not have enough to eat or a proper living environment themselves. Once the immigrants arrive at our local shelter, they are given a cot, clean clothes, a shower, hot meals and health checks. After eating, they file into rooms to collect hygiene supplies, diapers, clothes, and suitcases. Children can choose one toy from a large box of donated stuffed animals. Down the hall, volunteers assist the immigrants to call their families across the country and book train, bus, and plane tickets, depending on how much the families can spare. With the system the church shelter has developed, most immigrants will be on their way to relatives within 2 days. President Obama is seeking billions of dollars to increase the number of facilities for these immigrants, to tighten border security, and expand the number of U.S. immigration judges. Should huge amounts of U.S. money be expended to deal with illegal activity or more properly used to alleviate problems of legal U.S. citizens? Governor Rick Perry of Texas has ordered the National Guard to help protect the border because of Congress’s inability to act on this issue. Again, this is taking resources that might be needed elsewhere. While most Americans understand and empathize with the reasons for this influx,  the cost to the American public is substantial. One of the less publicized sides of this immigration issue is the smuggler’s profiting from the distress/fear of others. The smugglers are referred to as ‘coyote’ smugglers. One smuggler described â€Å"shipments of thousands of dollars in human cargo from slums of Honduras and highlands of Guatemala to cities across the United States. It is business; sometimes business is very good.† The vast majority of immigrants who enter the U.S. illegally do so with the help of a network of smugglers. It is a high risk, high yield business estimated to generate $6.6 billion a year. The immigrants pay $4,000 to $10,000 each for this illegal journey. The smugglers in turn pay off government officials, gangs operating on trains, and drug cartels. The experts estimate a profit of $3,500- $4,000 per person if the journey goes as planned. The smugglers are profiting from the rising violence in gang-ridden cities of Central America. Many of the immigrants travel to the U.S. because they believe they will be allowed to stay. The U.S. generally releases children to parents, relatives, or family friends. Their cases take years to go through the immigration courts. This gives rise to rumors of a new law or amnesty for children. The coyote smugglers spread those rumors to drum up business. In a July 23, 2014 issue of the Las Cruces Sun-News it was reported that the Homeland Security Department arrested 192 people along the Mexico border in South Texas on immigration smuggling charges and seized more than $625,000. A crackdown called â€Å"Operation Coyote† took place over the last month, part of the 90 day effort to target smuggling groups. The White House stated that smugglers are exploiting U.S. policies and the crackdown was a message to the smugglers that â€Å"our borders are not open to illegal immigration.† Analyzing this issue from the perspective of ethical egoism, the immigrants and the smugglers are both looking out for themselves, one to seek freedom and a better life, the other to procure as much money as possible. From a deontology perspective, clearly both the immigrants and smugglers are not following the law. The immigrants are entering the U.S. illegally while the smugglers are giving payoffs to drug cartels, gangs, and government leaders. Finally from a utilitarian standpoint the course of action of both the illegal immigrants and the smugglers certainly does not maximize the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. The illegal immigrants may benefit in the short run, but  if eventually returned to their countries may indeed be subject to even greater hardship. The corruption supported/used by the smugglers does nothing to create a better life for the majority of people. And once again the financial and emotional effect on the U.S. is wide spread. Another question/ concern raised by this influx of mostly unaccompanied children is related to their safety, both in their home countries and related to their long journey to the United States. Homicide, extortion, rape, and gang recruitment have risen to epidemic levels in Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. â€Å"Immigrants’ rights advocates in the U.S. say they are seeing more children from Central America who are not only fleeing gang recruitment and random violence, but who have been targeted themselves.† This violence is seen as the key reason for driving immigrants north. But let’s look at the very imminent danger of death these immigrants face by not only placing themselves in the hands of smugglers [whose only concern is money] and the desert journey they face. The smugglers receive money from the immigrants and their families [both in their home country and in the U.S.] This in turn places more of a financial burden on these families, while a successful outcome is not assured. Along the journey, these immigrants are still subjected to the threats of gangs, drug cartels, and corrupt government officials. They are subjected to the extreme heat of the desert with little food or water and often just the clothes on their backs. Recent news reports put a face to this crisis when Texas authorities identified a decomposed body found recently near the border with Mexico as that of an 11 year old Guatemalan boy, Gilberto Francisco Ramos Juarez. He was identified by calling a phone number etched into his belt buckle and by family members describing the clothes he was wearing when he left home. A recent interview of a rancher in Brownsville Texas reported him also finding a body on his ranch. He reports having to keep a constant vigil all day and night as illegal immigrants enter his land, approach his house and car, and seek aid. Hector Espinal, the Honduras spokesman for UNICEF, stated â€Å"The message is that governments should do what they need to do to stop the violent conditions that are making these children leave.† How to stop violence in Honduras is a subject of much debate. Two major gangs- The Mara Salvatrucha and Barrio 18, have grown into transnational criminal organizations. Drug cartels use Honduras as a point to move cocaine into the United States.  First Lady Garcia of Honduras says her country needs its own U.S. funded anticrime program similar to Plan Colombia or Mexico’s Merida Initiative to fight the gangs and cartels. Vice President Joe Biden recently visited Guatemala. To coincide with that trip, President Obama has pledged $93 million in new programs to reduce violence in Central America. This includes $40 million to reduce gang membership in Guatemala, $25 million to build 77 youth outreach centers in El Salvador and $18.5 million to build 77 outreach centers in Honduras. The White House is currently requesting approximately $3.7 billion in emergency funding with $300 million for international programs to aid Central America. However, the House Republicans recently passed legislation to address the crisis. The new $694 million version would send migrant youths back home without hearings, and contained a companion bill that could lead to deporting more than a half a million immigrants to whom the Obama administration granted temporary work permits. This companion bill could prevent more than 700,000 people who’ve already gotten work permits, from renewing them. Lawmakers objected to sending any more money to President Obama without a strong stance against the two-year-old deportation relief program that they blame for causing the current border crisis by creating the perception that once here, young migrants would be allowed to stay. The new GOP border bill adds $35 million more for the National Guard, reimbursing states for guard deployment. It would increase spending for overwhelmed border agencies, add more immigration judges and detention centers, and alter a 2008 anti-trafficking law. We can apply the theories of utilitarianism and deontology and the perspective of ethical egoism to the above question much in the same way as we did before. Once again the immigrants, but also the smugglers, are acting in their own self-interest. One wants freedom, the other seeks money. Both the illegal immigrants and the smugglers are breaking the law, both in their home countries as well as the United States. By focusing on their own interests, the illegal immigrants forget the bigger picture. Would it not benefit the greater number of people to focus on the root problems in Central America? No one doubts the dangerous conditions in these countries. However, other dangerous conditions face the immigrants on the journey to the United States. Is one danger greater than the other? If these immigrants indeed make it to the United States, most will be returned to their home countries  to be placed in the same conditions, disillusioned from the loss of their hopes and dreams. Only by a concerted effort to improve conditions in their home countries, can the greatest benefit result for the greatest number of people. The issue of immigration is perhaps one of the hottest issues facing our country today. As tens of thousands of illegal immigrants make their way into the U nited States, many moral and ethical issues arise. Do the individual rights of the immigrant to seek a better life, outweigh the negative effect their actions place on their own families as well as the citizens of the United States? Do the immigrants have a right to break laws, both in their home countries, as well as the United States, in order to obtain their dream? Is it the ethical/moral responsibility of the United States to care for the illegal immigrants once they arrive? And lastly, is it morally /ethically correct to send children from one dangerous situation into another one, rather than trying to fix the core issues precipitating their illegal journey to the United States? By applying the theories of utilitarianism and deontology, as well as the perspective of ethical egoism, I have attempted to answer these questions. Utilitarianism stresses the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. In the case of illegal immigration that would seem to be that more effort should be aimed at correcting the core issues in Central America. Deontology stresses evaluating an issue in terms of its accordance with a specified set of rules. Obviously, in the case of illegal immigration, the laws are not being followed. And lastly, ethical egoism argues that acts should be done out of a person’s own self –interest. Clearly, this is what drives the immigrants. But the impact in the long run, both to the immigrants, their families, and the citizens of the United States, may be too big a price to pay. References 1 Exporting Mayhem across the Border. [2014]. Bloomberg Businessweek, [4379], 10. [Permalink]:http://search.ebscohost.com.prox-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=96077008&site=eds-live 2 Grillo, Ioan [2014]. Honduran Children Deported From U.S. Back to World’s ‘Most Violent City. Time.Com, p1-1. 1p. [Permalink]:http://search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=97074587&site=eds.-live. 3 LaFranchi, H. [2014July]. Border crisis: Kerry asks Central America to help combat ‘false information’. Christian Science Monitor. P.1. [Permalink]: http:// search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=crh&AN=96897036&site=eds-live 4 Preston, Julia. The New York Times. U.S. looks to tide illegal border crossings-Biden goes to Central America to discourage illegal immigration- deportations of central americans will be accelerated. Accelerated by the Lexington- Herald [Ky.] [June 2014]. [Permalink]: http:// search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsnbk&An=14E97D7C018E48F0&site=eds-live 5 Schearer, M. [2014]. Obama in Political Bind over Unaccompanied Immigrant Minors. Time. Com, 1.[Permalink]: http:// search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bsh&AN=97059415 &site=eds-live 6 Micheal,Shear, W.[2014 July 10]. Obama seeks $4 b for border crisis- United States- Immigration- 150,000 children projected to flee Central America. The Sydney Morning Herald [Australia]. P 17. [Permalink]: http:// search.ebscohost.com.proxy-library.ashford.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=edsnb&AN=14EF984EBA4C6788&site=eds-live 7 E. Edurado Castillo and Christopher Sherman of the Associated Press. Migration spotlights Mexican ‘coyote’ smugglers retrieved from The Las Cruces Sun – News [2014 July 22]. 8 Christopher Sherman and Will Weissert of the Associated Press. Gov. Rick Perry will send National Guard to border. Retrieved from The Las Cruces Sun –News [2014 July 22]. 9 Kuhnman, Jim The Associated Press. How a flood of kids upended immigration debate. Retrieved from The Las Cruces Sun –News [2014 July 21]. 10 Anderson, Lindsey The Las Cruces Sun News. Cots, Clothes and Compassion [2014 July21]. 11 The Associated Press. Gov’t arrests 192 for smuggling. Retrieved from The Las Cruces Sun –News [2014 July 23]. 12 Werner, Erica The Associated Press. Hose Oks border crisis bill. Retrieved from The Las Cruces Sun-News [2014 August 2].