Comparing Alcoholism in Grace and Dubliners :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Alcoholism in Grace and Dubliners What does it mean to be in a state of alcoholism? A person who is inebriated views his surroundings in a surreal fashion reality exists on the periphery. The drunk is by default interacting with the world on an inferior level as opposed to those who are sober. Alcoholism is also a chronic debilitating disease. It resonates outward from the individual to all those that he has meet within his life. Joyce utilizes the character of the drunk in many of the stories in Dubliners, hardly a story skips a mention of drink. Among despair, isolation and dependence, alcoholism is a written report that runs through all the stories. Alcoholism is the focus in Grace where Joyce takes the symbolic alcoholic and shows us what Joyce believes is a part of the problem plaguing Dublin. When we starting signal meet gobbler Kernan, we are not even told his name. Kernan is an anonymous being-a drunk that is not differentiated from any other drunk. In his alcohol-induce d state he is barely human. He bewilder curled up at the foot of the stairs down which he had fallen...his clothes were smeared with the filth and ooze of the floor on which he had lain...a thin rain buckets of blood trickled from the corner of his mouth (Joyce 150). Kernan has quite literally fallen but also has fallen morally and spiritually. The crowd that surrounds him fairs better only in comparability to him. Instead of seeking immediate help, they all query as to what is his name. Who he is, is obvious, he is a drunk. Yet there is an unwillingness to address this by the crowd. The source why he is lying on the floor is present but not acknowledged. Is this evasion part of the essence that makes up the people of Dublin? sure as shooting it is for repeatedly the reader is shown or referenced alcohol but direct acknowledgment does not come. Thats horrifying (Joyce 153) we are told by Mr. Powers who has just been shown Kernans bitten tongue. What exactly though is ugly? Solel y the bitten tongue or the defeated man or the inhabitants of Dublin? Perhaps it is all of them. Kernans physical maladies are demonstrative of his mental affliction. At first he has fallen, then his anonymousness persists because he cannot speak. He cannot speak at first because of the level of intoxication but also as we learn because of his bitten tongue.

Bad Day :: essays research papers

Bad Day I work with a lot of foreigners from all around the globe. sometimes it becomes rattling difficult to explain things thoroughly without at that place being some kind of miscommunication which can be very frustrating.On this particular day there was a lot of miscommunication release on. A fellow worker of mine, who is a very nice Ethiopian woman, went into a patient room so I could pass her pills to her. We both approached the room laughing and joking as we always do. I gave the patient her pills and stood there while she asked the patient if she wanted a consume since it was her shower day. The patient said, Yes, I would like a shower. Then the women began to swear to the patient, no you dont want a shower you want a bed bath. Okay at this point Im a little confused, I was always taught that you must respect the patients wishes if non you could be neglecting the patient. So I step in and say to the women she said she wanted a shower She so turns to me and says in brok en English no, she wants a bed bath. Dont you want a bed bath? Youre getting a bed bath. I then turn to her and say she says she wants a shower so we have to give her a shower. We werent getting any resolution to this problem so we decide to talk to the even out nurse. She explains to me that the patient is unable to get up because she needs three strong men to help her. Okay end of conversation right Wrong the women keeps going on and on round how I was in the room telling her she should have a shower etc, etc. Which was a complete lie. I then turn to her and say thats a lie She doesnt say anything and walks back to the patients room and yells at me,Dont ever talk to me once again unless you talk to the Charge Nurse Im never going to talk to you again Okay Im thinking to myself what just happened here. She seems very ticked off but at what? I had no idea why Strange Anyways I decide that now is the best time to talk to her about why she got so upset. I wait until she goes into a room and follow her.

The Book Flush Summary :: essays research papers

FlushThis takes place in the Florida Keys up to Miami. It is placed in modern day time. This story happens in the summer.This book is ab kayoed a family whose dad is a tour guild. He used to work with a man name Dusty Muleman. He said that one day he was going to form a new business. He owned a casino sauceboat that was parked in Indian Territory. He made a deal with the Indians that he could gamble on their waters and pay them a part of the profit. Since his ship the Coral Queen never left the dock passengers did non get see sick and continued to gamble and spend money. In order to save money he dumps his down from the holding tanks into the oceanic at night when nobody is looking. Noahs dad a person who stands up for the environment sinks his boat and is put in jail. Noah and his sister decide to get wind and find a way to stop him. They talk to their dad and he tells them that he worked with a man called Lice Pecking. He says the he also worked on the boat and he could testify on the fact that Dusty really did dump his waste into the ocean. It turns out he is kidnapped and is unable to testify. They meet his wife Shelly. She tells them that she will supporter them stop Dustys Casino scam. She tells him that she wants to work as a bartender in Dustys Boat. She tells them that one night she stays after-hours and sees Dusty dumping the waste from the ship. A few days later he goes to a small pond and sees a park ranger place up signs that say the water in the pond is contaminated from human waste. Since there are many boats docked in the harbors its impossible to see what boat the waste is actually coming from. They then get the idea to color the waste with a very bright dye and allow after us seeps out the trail of brightly colored water will be tracked back to dustys boat. They then go into a food stash away and purchase 35 bottles of Fuchsia dye. They then tell Shelly their plan. They tell her that Noah will hide in a box full of rum and wait till it is picked up and placed on the ship he then will go into a restroom and Shelly will tack on an out of order sign.

Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via Nurture Essa

OutlineThesis At the moment, there is no univocal answer to the question of nature vs. nurture, there is, however, cause evidence that the theory of Nature via. treasure could be the solution.I.IntroductionA.Nature versus furtherII.Nature vs. NurtureA.Nature Genetic Factors1.Nature defined2.Genes Defined3.Human Genome ProjectB.Nurture Environmental Factors1.Nurture Defined2.Biological and Social EnvironmentC.behavioural GeneticsIII. parallelsA. agree DefinedB.Types of Twins1.Identical Twins2.Fraternal TwinsC.Twin Studies1.Definition and Validity2.The Skeptics of Twin Studies and Their Concerns3.Minnesota Twin Study of Twins Reared Apart4.Swedish betrothal/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA)5.Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD)D.Twin Stories1.Jim Twins2.Beth and Amy3.Harold and Bernard Shapiro4.Judith and Julie fashion plate5.Charlie and Bill DukeIV.Nature via NurtureV.HeritabilityA.DefinitionB. geniusC.IntelligenceD.Toxic EnvironmentE.Disease and Mental IllnessVI.Po litical and Social RamificationsA.Biological DeterminismVII. termination An Introduction to Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing possible action of Nature via NurtureAre we exclusively the creation of nature or the reflection of nurture? The prototypal attempt to study nature and nurture was make by Sir Francis Galton in 1865. (Plomin, 2004) Galton wanted to know how to measure intelligence, what the components were and the degree to which it was inherited. (Santrock, 2004) He would be the first of umpteen researchers to question the role of heredity. The first twin and credence studies were published in 1924 by Sophie Van Senden Theis. (Plomin, ... ...nce on life events during the last half of the life span. psychology and Aging. 5(1), 25-30.Plomin, R., Reiss, D.R., Hetherington, E.M., Howe, G.W. (1994) Nature and nurture genetic contributions to measures of the family environment. Developmental psychological science. 30(1), 32-43.Ridley, M. (2003). What makes you who you a re. Time. 161(22), 54-60. Santrock, J.W. (2004). small fry development. New York McGraw-Hill Companies.Segal, N. L. (1999). Entwined lives Twins and what they tell us about human behavior. New York DuttonSegal, N. L. (1999). New twin studies array The career of your dreams may be the career of your genes. Psychology Today, 32(5), 54-8.Wright, L. (1997). Twins and what they tell us about who we are. New York John Wiley & Sons.Wyatt, J. W. (1993). Identical Twins, Emergenesis, and Environments. American Psychologist. 1294-1295. Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via Nurture EssaOutlineThesis At the moment, there is no definitive answer to the question of nature vs. nurture, there is, however, compelling evidence that the theory of Nature via. Nurture could be the solution.I.IntroductionA.Nature versus NurtureII.Nature vs. NurtureA.Nature Genetic Factors1.Nature Defined2.Genes Defined3.Human Genome ProjectB.Nurture Environmental Factors1.Nurture Def ined2.Biological and Social EnvironmentC.Behavioral GeneticsIII.TwinsA.Twins DefinedB.Types of Twins1.Identical Twins2.Fraternal TwinsC.Twin Studies1.Definition and Validity2.The Skeptics of Twin Studies and Their Concerns3.Minnesota Twin Study of Twins Reared Apart4.Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA)5.Nonshared Environment in Adolescent Development (NEAD)D.Twin Stories1.Jim Twins2.Beth and Amy3.Harold and Bernard Shapiro4.Judith and Julie Swain5.Charlie and Bill DukeIV.Nature via NurtureV.HeritabilityA.DefinitionB.PersonalityC.IntelligenceD.Toxic EnvironmentE.Disease and Mental IllnessVI.Political and Social RamificationsA.Biological DeterminismVII.Conclusion An Introduction to Nature vs. Nurture and the Developing Theory of Nature via NurtureAre we exclusively the creation of nature or the reflection of nurture? The first attempt to study nature and nurture was published by Sir Francis Galton in 1865. (Plomin, 2004) Galton wanted to know how to measure intelligence, what the components were and the degree to which it was inherited. (Santrock, 2004) He would be the first of many researchers to question the role of heredity. The first twin and adoption studies were published in 1924 by Sophie Van Senden Theis. (Plomin, ... ...nce on life events during the last half of the life span. Psychology and Aging. 5(1), 25-30.Plomin, R., Reiss, D.R., Hetherington, E.M., Howe, G.W. (1994) Nature and nurture genetic contributions to measures of the family environment. Developmental Psychology. 30(1), 32-43.Ridley, M. (2003). What makes you who you are. Time. 161(22), 54-60. Santrock, J.W. (2004). Child development. New York McGraw-Hill Companies.Segal, N. L. (1999). Entwined lives Twins and what they tell us about human behavior. New York DuttonSegal, N. L. (1999). New twin studies show The career of your dreams may be the career of your genes. Psychology Today, 32(5), 54-8.Wright, L. (1997). Twins and what they tell us about who we are. New York John Wiley & S ons.Wyatt, J. W. (1993). Identical Twins, Emergenesis, and Environments. American Psychologist. 1294-1295.

The Lamb Essay -- essays research papers

A time lost in its own morals, seeks refuge in the knowledge and purity of the past. William Blake used direct dictation through his poesy, THE LAMB, in disseminating his theorem, which we, humans, seek to find peace within our selves only after reestablishing our identity with something pure. In the poem William Blake uses the Lamb, as a vessel, to interpret the innocence, we would seek to use. The vocalizer is seeking answers to his questions, about how the birth gained such natural innocence. Blakes biblical reference is also pass although one may possibly, with out major knowledge of biblical testaments, know that Adam and Eve both sinned therefore damning all mankind to imperishable suffering. This eternal suffering is what the speaker may be trying to express, envy for the lambs godlike quality and innocence that it still retains, unlike the speaker a human by default.Lamb Lamb, who do thee? A rhetorical question to ponder upon, not to seek an answer. To ask the lamb i ts self who made thee? it may answer My mama. Although William Blake may have not intended such simplistic interpretation William Blake may have sought scholarly biblical people to read and interpret that single line as a passage to his chamber of innocence, and metaphorical visions of happiness. Throughout the poem the speaker continues to haggle the lamb about its nature, as if to repress the lambs self worth. The lamb is seen as...

The Desire for Intoxication Leads to Destruction Essay -- Marijuana Dr

The Desire for Intoxication Leads to DestructionThrough time, people all over the world have looked for ship canal to feel intoxicated and alter their consciousness for different reasons. One of the most ancient ways people have reached this state of intoxication has been through and through the hot marijuana plant. Today this plant has become so widely accepted that it has been legalized in a few states and will most likely be legalized in other states, such as California and Maine, even though it is prohibited by federal law. Advocates claim it has medicinal properties, and that the drug may actually be beneficial to peoples health. But even though many people argue that feeling intoxicated relaxes them and alleviates their pain, research and past incidents have turn out that the desire to be intoxicated has more damaging effects than positive ones.In his book The Botany of Desire, Michael Pollan looks at four different desires beauty, control, intoxication, and sweetness, each delineated by a plant . Each plant has either evolved or has been modified to fulfill a desire craved by forgiving beings. Pollan shows us how the desire for sweetness is represented by the apple, beauty by the tulip, control by the potato, and the desire for intoxication by marijuana. In this book, Pollan explains how marijuana became modified through time to fit the different needs and expectations of consumers worldwide. Putting it in Pollans own words, cannabis had to do two things it had to prove it could gratify a human desire so brilliantly that people would take extraordinary risks to cultivate it, and it had to find the right combination of genes to adapt to a most peculiar and soundly artificial new environment( 130). Marijuana was here to stay... ... A. Kallen. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 2006. At Issue. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 26 Nov. 2010.Pollan, Michael. The Botany of Desire. New York Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2002. Print. working CitedHa dly, Scott. CHP Officer remains in critical condition. Ventura County Star. 21 Dec. 2007. Web. 29 Oct. 2010Huff, Charlotte. A risky decision with marijuana, your good judgment may go up in smoke. Current Health 2, a Weekly Reader publication Feb. 2010 20+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 29 Oct. 2010. Marijuana Policy Project. Medical Marijuana Should Be Legalized. Legalizing Drugs. Ed. Stuart A. Kallen. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 2006. At Issue. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 26 Nov. 2010.Pollan, Michael. The Botany of Desire. New York Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2002. Print.

The Desire for Intoxication Leads to Destruction Essay -- Marijuana Dr

The Desire for Intoxication Leads to DestructionThrough time, people all over the population have looked for ways to feel intoxicated and alter their consciousness for contrary reasons. One of the most(prenominal) ancient ways people have reached this state of drunkenness has been through the popular marijuana plant. Today this plant has become so widely accepted that it has been legalized in a few states and will most belike be legalized in other states, such as California and Maine, even though it is prohibited by federal law. Advocates claim it has medicinal properties, and that the drug whitethorn actually be beneficial to peoples health. But even though many people argue that feeling intoxicated relaxes them and alleviates their pain, research and medieval incidents have proven that the desire to be intoxicated has more damaging effects than positive ones.In his book The Botany of Desire, Michael Pollan looks at four different desires beauty, control, intoxication, and s weetness, each represented by a plant . Each plant has either evolved or has been modified to fulfill a desire craved by human beings. Pollan shows us how the desire for sweetness is represented by the apple, beauty by the tulip, control by the potato, and the desire for intoxication by marijuana. In this book, Pollan explains how marijuana became modified through time to fit the different needs and expectations of consumers worldwide. Putting it in Pollans own words, cannabis had to do two things it had to prove it could baby a human desire so brilliantly that people would take extraordinary risks to cultivate it, and it had to find the right combination of genes to adapt to a most peculiar and thoroughly artificial new environment( 130). Marijuana was here to stay... ... A. Kallen. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 2006. At Issue. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 26 Nov. 2010.Pollan, Michael. The Botany of Desire. New York Random kin Trade Paperbacks, 2002. Print.Works C itedHadly, Scott. CHP Officer remains in critical condition. Ventura County Star. 21 Dec. 2007. Web. 29 Oct. 2010Huff, Charlotte. A risky decision with marijuana, your good judgment may go up in smoke. Current Health 2, a Weekly Reader publication Feb. 2010 20+. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 29 Oct. 2010. Marijuana Policy Project. medical checkup Marijuana Should Be Legalized. Legalizing Drugs. Ed. Stuart A. Kallen. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 2006. At Issue. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 26 Nov. 2010.Pollan, Michael. The Botany of Desire. New York Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2002. Print.

Elderly in the Netherlands Essay

Nowadays, the elderly is a serious issue around the world nearly all industrial countries be set about enormous pressure about the coming of aging society. As one of the most advanced countries in the world, how about the situation of elderly in the Netherlands ? washstand Dutch society provide the best upkeep to the Baby Boomer?Aging society, the Netherlands is on the wayFor the Netherlands, the aged society did already make its entrance. tell Mr. Martin Smalbrugge Who is head of the training center for residents in elderly cover medicine (GERION) of the Department of Nursing Home Medicine. This is true in 1990 12.8% of the Dutch population was all over 65, while in 2000 this was 13.6 %, which is an increase of 250,000 elderly people. (College, 2003)Obviously, the Netherlands have become an aged society boorish. Further much, the Dutch aging population will increase dramatically in the future, it is expected that the percentage of people of over 65 will increase to 14.8% in 2010 and to 22.9% in 2040. (Elderly)Aging society causes many challenges for Dutch economic and society. The start-off challenge is ageing society creates social and political pressures on social support systems, due to dramatic increase in the older retired population recounting to the shrinking population of working ages. This would decrease the quantity of labor and investment in the Netherlands, and directly influence the increase of Dutch economy.The other one is the preponderance of disability, frailty, and chronic diseases (Alzheimers disease, cancer, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, etc.) atomic number 18 expected to increase dramatically. As a result, there would be ahuge burden for the Dutch society. For example, just the National Care for Elderly Program Better persona of life for frail elderly persons through better quality of care which is bespoke to the needs of the elderly persons, costs 80 million Euros. (The National Care for the Elderly Programme ) Such a big amount of money into elderly care is wish an invisible hand is impeding the increase of Dutch economy.Although many challenges in the Netherlands are caused by the aging society, elderly people are not abandoned by society. Actually, The Netherlands is one of the best countries to live for aged people around the world. There are efficient eudaemonia and healthcare systems, high quality medical equipment, and a number of special services for elderly.How the Netherlands take care of ElderlyThe Netherlands has a rounded care and welfare system, this system satisfies the need for care for every citizen, and there are specific aims to different groups. For elderly, the nation policys main goal in the National Background Report for The Netherlands is to allow people in all circumstances and phases of life were independent and self-reliant as long as possible. It was essential to offer people who need care, such(prenominal) as the elderly, optimum choices and to improve the quality of their life (Knipscheer, 2004).In order to achieve this goal, the Dutch government has made various efforts to set up an elegant elderly care system since 1900. However, in the early of 20 century It was unfair for aging people who are from lower social class in care and welfare system. For example, during that period it was hard for aging people from lower social class to get better health care, and find new job. In order to solved this problem, former government introduced reforms within the existing system of relief for both the poor and the elderly people which were 1912 Poor Law, and 1913 Old fester Pensions Act (College, 2003).Nevertheless, now the Netherlands has constructed the best and most effective elderly care and welfare system in the world. The basic elderly care systemin the Netherlands is the Traditional Three-Level-System. It includes three levels which are residential homes for the elderly, nursing homes, and extramural care system (as opposed to the i ntramural care in institutional homes). (Senior citizens, 2011)Besides the Traditional Three-Level-System, Dutch society also developed many new measures to satisfy the increase for the need of elderly care.For example, Umbrella care, which means care given by children, relatives and neighbors (College, 2003). It is convenient to the huge number of elderly who live alone to get better life. Moreover, according to a research by European Union, 37% of Dutch people younger than 45 prefer their parents to stay and receive visits, this number is just lower than Sweden. (Harbers, 2008) Umbrella care is a perfect project to the elderly who live alone.Furthermore, comparing with other European countries, the Netherlands is one of the best countries in health care service. Specifically, the Netherlands has a large percentage of aging people are vaccinated against influenza all(prenominal) year.in 2005, this percentage was 75%, and it has the largest influenza vaccination rate in the elderly in the EU. (Harbers, 2008)In addition, the Netherlands is also the first country that legalized Euthanasia around the world. This gives elderly who are suffering from serious diseases, such as cancer, right to die to get rid of agony from diseases. Even if few people hold the belief that the legalization of euthanasia is inhumane, it gives one option to elderly who get serious diseases and could not live any more to finishing their agony. Just same Mr. Martin Smalbrugge said If you are very old, or in a very bad condition, I think people should be satisfactory to decide for themselves if they want to end their lives or continue.Elderly care, still long way for the Netherlandsthe Netherlands is definitely an excellent model of elderlys care and welfare system for other countries in the world to study, whereas for the Netherlands, this is not enough. Many drawbacks still exist in Dutch society for elderly people. On the one hand, like other European countries, due tothe dramatic increase of elderly and economic recession, the situation of Infrastructures for elderly is still rigorous. For example, the Number of hospital beds in the Netherlands is below EU average, it was 438 hospital beds per 10,000 inhabitants. . (Harbers, 2008) This number is continuing decreasing in recent years.On the other hand, the baby boomers become more major group of elderly gradually, they are healthier and wealthier than former generations, and they need higher service quality. However, consequently there is still some space for Dutch elderly housing care for example, like Mr. Martin Smalbrugge said that there has to be more staff and he think it would be a good idea to take more care at people at their own houses. People are happier in their own houses, get their own attention.Not only the Netherlands are facing the challenges of an aging society, only if also almost advanced industry countries even some developing countries ,like China have the same problem. The efforts of th e Netherlands is not enough to solve this global issue. This problem needs international cooperation, and international cooperate is a good platform for countries to share and study their experience about elderly care system each other. In order to give better life for elderly now and also for ourselves life in the future , we still need to do moreBibliographyCollege, D. V. (2003). Care Work with Older People. Older People in The Netherlands,1,3, 4 5.Ritrived from http//hesotenet.edu.hel.fi/english/etm2/Carework%20with%20older%20people/Netherlands_Elders.pdfElderly. (n.d.). Retrieved Feburary 23, 2012, from the Netherlands institute for social research http//www.scp.nl/english/Topics/A_E/ElderlyHarbers, M. (2008). Dare to analyse Houten The National Institute forPublic Health and the Environment.Harmsen, J. G. (12. July 2011). Elderly people live independently to increasingly older ages. Retrieved feburary 23, 2012 from Satistics Netherlands http//www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/bevol king/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2011/2011-3434-wm.htmKnipscheer, G. V.-J. (2004). National Background Report. Hamburg.Senior citizens. (2011, November 15). Retrieved action 13, 2012, from Government of Netherlands http//www.government.nl/issues/health-issues/senior-citizensSittig, H. (8. feburary 2012). I wont put my dad in a nursing home. Retrieved feburary 23, 2012 from radio Netherlands worldwide http//www.rnw.nl/english/article/i-wont-put-my-dad-a-nursing-homeSTEVERINK, N. (2001). age and Society 21. the United Kingdom Cambridge University Press.The National Care for the Elderly Programme. (n.d.). Retrieved March 23, 2012, from national programm ounderenzorg http//www.nationaalprogrammaouderenzorg.nl/english/the-national-care-for-the-elderly-programme/Zwijnenburg, W. (n.d.). The Netherlands Government withdrawal from long-term care. Retrieved April 12, 2012, from The MUHC ISAIs Health installation Forum http//www.healthinnovationforum.org/2009/nov/01/netherlands-government -withdrawal-long-term-care/

Crime rates in the United States during World War II Essay

Crime in the United States is a fascinating phenomenon. It has spayd throughout time and explanation. It evolved and progressed. There atomic publication 18 visible waves in savage offense pass judgment in the American history this is often caused by changes in the economy, political situation as head as unemployment vagabond. Crime rates can also depend on the demographics of the atomic number 18a be studied. These are the several variables which can alter the outcome of offense rate measurement. The disgust statistics in the United States, as well as the methods of their measurement, have changed in the past era genuinely dramatically.After the considerable rise in crime in the 1920s, during the prohibition era, the United States g everyplacenment decided to break out a remains for gathering crime statistics. The Uniform Crime make knowning (UCR) Program was conceived in 1929 by the International Association of Chiefs of Police to meet a need for reliable, uniform crime statistics for the nation. In 1930, the FBI was tasked with collecting, publishing, and archiving those statistics. Today, several yearbook statistical populaceations, such as the citywide Crime in the United States, are produced from data provided by nearly 17,000 law enforcement datencies crossways the United States. (Federal Buerau of Investigation-Uniform of Crime Reports) The advantage of the UCR is that, it provides us with data from over seven decades ago. This allows us to compare the rates from 1930 to the present times. It is a great tool in the study of crime patterns and trends through time. It can also upkeep in its prevention.Wartime can be especially straining on the societies morale and spirits. Poverty caused by instability in the country can contribute to the list of criminal incidences. War brings the ideas of bad political leadership, fear and uncertainty. Living in fright can be a great motivator it can yield one to act a certain way, even to comm it a crime. ground War II was one of the about horrible events in history it brought change to Europe as well as the United States. With it came tonic crime rate statistics and crime trends. It has been previously established that most crimes are pull by teenage males or adult men. In the United States in 1940, about 55 shareage of all the boys and men who were finger-printed for crimes were between the ages of 18 and 35. In this age group fell 60 percentof those charged with criminal homicide (killing), infract, and theft, and 70 percent of those charged with robbery and homicide. (historians.org) The draft enrolled 10,000,000 men in the age between 18 and 35 into duty this was one of the main reasons for the fall in the crime rate in the years 1939 to 1945 from 10.0 to 8.7. These rates were based on one crime committed per 100,000 people in the community.The men who stayed behind, unable to serve for health reasons or because of age restrictions caused the unemployment to di sappear. Higher pay checks made the public much(prenominal) than confident and positive, they also attributed to lower rate of crimes against property. They had fewer reasons to commit crimes such as robbery or larceny. Economic growth and stability typically contributed to the rise of crimes such as change intrusion, which jumped from 46.5 in 1939 to 54.8 in 1945. This was most in all likelihood caused by overconfidence of the criminals.Improved economic conditions usually lead to an amplification in crimes of violence, such as assault and manslaughter. (historians.org)In the United States at least 90 percent of the preserve crimes are the give out of males. (historians.org) This statistic did not change during World War II. It is safe to conclude that even though women became empowered by occupying traditional male roles during the War, it did not influence their willingness or ability to commit crime. Women commit only a small proportion of crimes in normal times. Murde r is almost the only crime of violence in which they are likely to figure. There are almost no women robbers or burglars. (historians.org) Most likely womens participation in crime during World War II did not change from the previous years.Not ofttimes data is available on the topic of crime against women such as rapine or knowledgeable assault during the years of 1939 to 1945. Our societys mentality was very different in that time period. Sexual offenses were not discussed frequently. Furthermore, many of these crimes were disbelieved or more often, not reported. upstart delinquency was clearly visible during the World War II. It was a problem caused by the absence of the fathers and br opposites, who usuallyserved as discipline enforcers to the children and youths in their families. many another(prenominal) children odd without the direction of their male role models, engaged in criminal behavior. After 1938 there was a steady increase in boys as well as girls criminal cases reported to the court systems. This information was based on the Juvenile administration Statistics. The electric razorrens Bureau (within the U.S. Department of Labor) tabulated the information on each card, including age, sex, and melt of the youth the reason for referral the manner of dealing with the case and the final disposition of the case. (Juvenile Court Statistics) This became very costly, then after 1940s the statistics were based on the annual case counts.In 1943, the number of boys under 18 who were fingerprinted was 23 percent greater than in 1942 in 1944, it was 21.5 percent preceding(prenominal) the 1942 figure. Both years showed a progressive increase in homicide and assault charges against boys of this age group. (historians.org) The rate of late offences committed by boys was significantly growing during this time.Interpreting the data leads us to the mop up that crime rates such as criminal homicide, robbery, burglary and larceny decreased during World W ar II. The rate of alter assault rose, most likely payable to economic growth. Children and youths were left to their own devices, which resulted in delinquent behavior. Juvenile offences became a big problem, even among girls. The amount of crimes committed by women did not change greatly.Ergo, these statistics say to one thing, and that is the fact that the instability brought on by war time and the unsteadiness of the economy were the biggest influences on crime rates in the United States during World War II.With time came great changes, not only to the economy, societal factors, and politics but also to the trends in crime in the United States. As mentioned earlier, crime rates fluctuate do to many specific factors. The differences in crimes committed during World War II, and present times are undeniable and clearly visible.Homicide is of care not only because of its severity but also because it is a fairly reliable barometer of all ruby-red crime. At a national direct, no some other crime is measured as accurately and precisely. Homicide rate rose in the late 1980s and early 1990s to a peak in 1991 of 9.8 per 100,000. From 1992 to 2000, the rate declined sharply. Since then, the rate has been stable. Today the rate is at a low seen last in the 1970s.According to the Bureau of justness Statistics Males represent 77% of homicide victims and nearly 90% of offenders. The offending rates for males were 8 times higher than the rates for femalesApproximately one- third of murder victims and almost half the offenders are under the age of 25. For both(prenominal) victims and offenders the rate per 100,000 peaks in the 18-24 age group.( (buerau) This data is very similar to the one from the years 1939-45. It is safe to assume that the age and gender statistics of homicide offenders did not change significantly throughout time. More so, they have been parallel through history, exhuming the same characteristics.The reasons for the sever decline in the homici de rates in recent years, are debatable. Some, credit it to the exemplification of living in the United States. The poverty rates have gone down in recent years therefore many scientists believe that, it has influenced the homicide rate. It has been recorded that with the decline of poverty the homicide rates decline appropriately.The Bureau of Justice Statistics released a Cross-National Studies in Crime and Justice, in 2004 which examined what might have been responsible for the decline in crime rates. With respect to murder, for example, the cross-national study found that between 1981 and 1999 the U.S. justice system increased the severity of punishment doubling the actual number of days served in prison and as severity increased, the homicide rate fell. ( Telling Americas Story). Therefore, the degree of punishment might decrease the homicide rate in the United States. What is more interesting is that even though the homicide rates have fluctuated since World War II, the dem ographics of the offenders stayed very similar. To this day, just as it was in 1939, 90% of all crime offenders are males, between the ages of 18-24. other significant difference in crime trends between the recent years and 1939-45 are the rates in rapes. There is not decent significant data from the World War II years regarding the trends in rape to compare to the present. Fortunately, the statistics concerning rape in the last decade are easy obtainable to anyone interested.The United States has the highest rape rate among the countries which report such statistics. The United States Crime Index notes that for every 100,000 Inhabitants in the country, 30.0 become the victims of sexual crime. Women are much more likely to become the targets of sexual assault. Women are 10 times more likely than men to be victims of sexual assault (National Crime victimisation Survey, 1997). A study among college women has shown that 1 out of every 5 college age women report being forced to have s exual intercourse. (1995 National College Health fortune Behavior Survey). These are only the incidences which have been reported, therefore it is reasonable to assume that the actual rate is much higher than the statistics may display. Only 16% of rapes and sexual assaults are reported to the police. In 1995 there were 97,460 rapes reported to law enforcement officials. At a 16% reporting rate, this content that there were actually closer to 649,733 rapes in the United. (Rape in America A Report to the Nation. 1992).What is more unsettling is the fact that most of the perpetrators are known to the victims, 78% of women raped or physically assaulted since they turned 18 were assaulted by a current or former husband, live-in partner or date. 17% were victimized by an acquaintance, 9% by a relative other than a husband and only 14% were assaulted by a stranger. (National Violence Against Women Survey, 1998). These song are terrifying. What is even more disturbing is the outcome of a rape because it causes indescribable damage to those unfortunate ones who had experienced it. Most rape victims suffer from chronic psychological and physical conditions following the incident.Rape is not the crime that sparks the most ferocity and anger in society. That description is reserved to a sexual abuse of children. Over the past 25 years, the problem of child sexual victimisation has received significant attention from researchers, clinicians, and policymakers. Yet underreportingof sexual offenses against children has made it impossible to gauge either the frequency of such incidents or the size of victim and offender populations. In addition, deficient research methodologies have yielded incompatible or contradictory findings with regard to the characteristics, motivations, and recidivism rates of offenders. As a result, critical decisions about offender dangerousness, control, and intervention have been made in the absence of a sound knowledge base. (Robert A. Prentk y, 1997).Most abused and driped children never come to the attention of government authorities. This is particularly true for neglected and sexually abused children, who may have no physical signs of harm. In the case of sexual abuse, secrecy and intense feelings of shame may prevent children, and adults aware of the abuse, from seeking help. Therefore, official government statistics do not indicate actual rates of child abuse. Government statistics are based on cases that were reported to social service agencies, investigated by child protection workers, and had sufficient evidence to determine that a legal definition of abuse or neglect was met.Therefore using self-report surveys to measure the number of child focused sexual behavior became an alternative in the Child Sexual Molestation Research Issues Report published by the United States Department of Justice. Perhaps the most dramatic offender self-report data on victimization rates come from research in which investigators r ecruited 561 subjects through a variety of means (e.g., health care workers, media advertising, and presentations at meetings). (Robert A. Prentky, 1997) The offenders were given a lengthy structured clinical interview covering quantity demographic information as well as history of deviant sexual behavior. The 561 subjects reported a total of 291,737 paraphilic acts committed against 195,407 victims under the age of 18.The volt most frequently reported paraphilic acts involved criminal conduct Nonincestuous child molestation with a female victim (224 of the 561 subjects reported 5,197acts against 4,435 victims). Nonincestuous child molestation with a male victim -153 of the 561 subjects reported 43,100 acts against 22,981 victims. Incest with a female victim -159 of the 561 subjects reported 12,927 acts against 286 victims. Incest with a male victim -44 of the 561 subjects reported 2,741 actsagainst 75 victims. Rape -126 of the 561 subjects reported 907 acts against 882 victims. C hild molestation has rapidly become a great concern not only to law makers but also to care givers and parents of young children. (Robert A. Prentky, 1997).In the first-class honours degree of the nineteenth century many educated people believed that child molestation was not an issue. Furthermore, most of them blamed the children, concluding that they were seductive and not as loose as others believed them to be.In the early part of the century, psychoanalytical writers maintained steadfastly that sexual abuse was the fault of the child, not the adult that it occurred because aggressive children seduced innocent men. (salt merchant, 2003) Salter brings up and example of a psychiatrist Lauretta Bender who wrote in 1937, that sexual assaulted children derive fundamental satisfaction from the relationship, and do not completely deserve the fit out of innocence with which they have been endowed by moralists, social reformers and legislators.As proof she offered her conclusion as to the children being unusually charming and attractive and asked that society view the children as the actual seducer rather than the one actually seduced. (Salter, 2003) In my opinion the difference between the years 1939- 45 and the present time is in the comprehension of what child molestation is. Today every one (who is not a sexual offender) agrees that sexual offences against children are especially gruesome and cruel. No one blames the victims, because they are guilty free. Their offenders are the ones that are being held responsible for the crime. The way sexual predators were seen in the past has changed dramatically. Not many believe anymore, that the victimized child was being seductive toward their offender.A type of crime that is very common in all societies is aggravated assault. The FBIs Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program defines aggravated assault as an unlawful attack by one person upon some other for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. The Program besides specifies that this type of assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by other means likely to produce termination or great bodily harm. Attemptedaggravated assault that involves the display of-or threat to use-a gun, knife, or other weapon is included in this crime grade because serious personal injury would likely result if the assault were completed. When aggravated assault and larceny-theft occur together, the offense falls under the category of robbery. There were an estimated 855,856 aggravated assaults in the United States during the year 2007.An examination of the 10-year trend data for the rate of aggravated assaults revealed that the rate in 2007 declined 21.5 percent when compared with the rate for 1998. The rate of aggravated assaults in the Nation was estimated at 283.8 offenses per 100,000 inhabitants in 2007. In 2007, 21.4 percent of the aggravated assaults for which law enforcement agencies provided expanded data involved a firea rm. The use of firearms during aggravated assaults decreased 2.8 percent when 2007 data were compared with 2006 data. (Federal Buerau Of Investigation, 2007). The percentage of aggravated assault is undeniably very high, but in comparison to the data available from previous years it has been dropping noticeably. many organizations have applied various risk factors such as personality traits like impulsivity, family factors like poor parental supervision, school experiences like poor grades and friction match factors like faction membership as to the probability of one committing aggravated assault. I am certain that, every one of us has witnessed, assaulted someone, or became very close to committing assault. It sounds terrifying, but unfortunately it is true.For the sake of argument, lets just take these examples under amity in a daily commute to work or school one may encounter an agitated driver on the brink of developing road rage While shopping during the pass season it is not unusual to observe a stream of threats and menacing gestures between store patrons and employees At sporting events such as a basketball game scuffle between players and spectators or coaches Social activities such as bars or parties where inebriated individuals often threaten or engage one another. bare(a) and Junior High Schools also find themselves with a disproportionate number of schoolyard violent acts.The reality is that, we are surrounded by incidences ready to advance toassault and most of us do not even realize it. It is very important that, we understand when to accept defeat in an argument with a stranger, because in most cases we underestimate the capabilities of another human being. Although the rates of aggravated assault have declined in recent years, it is not unlikely to suffer from an attack of another member of the society. Aggravate assault will occur anywhere, where tensions run high. This type of crime has existed since the beginning of time and will con tinue to, regardless of the changes in the societal factors.The Juvenile Offenders and Victims 2006 National Report contains reliable data and relevant research to provide a comprehensive and insightful view of juvenile crime across the nation in recent years. Citing FBI and other data sources, the Report demonstrates that the rate of juvenile violent crime arrests has consistently decreased since 1994, falling to a level not seen since at least the 1970s. However, during this period of overall decline in juvenile violence, the female proportion of juvenile violent crime arrests has increased (especially for the crime of assault), marking an important change in the types of youth entering the juvenile justice system and in their programming needs.As in the past, most coming(prenominal) murders will probably be committed by males. However, the average age of the perpetrators is declining, and today the doer of the crime is more likely to be a adolescent than ever before in history. In 1995, at least 3,800 teenagers between the age of thirteen and eighteen were formally arrested for murder in the United States. That number represented approximately 20% of all murder rates for that year. (D.Kelleher, 1998) As disturbing as that is, it is not as unsettling as the fact that in 1995, well over 2 million juveniles under the age of eighteen were arrested on a variety of charges that ranged in seriousness from curfew violation to murder. (Federal Buerau Of Investigation, 2007)In 1999 juveniles comprised only 17 percent of all arrests and 12 percent of all violent crime arrests.In 1999 the juvenile murder arrest rate fell 68 percent, to the lowest level since the 1960s, and juvenile arrests for violent crime dropped 23 percent from 1995 to 1999. In 1998, 23 percent of the juvenile court caseload involved crimes of violence, females committed28 percent of the violent crimes, and children under age sixteen accounted for 64 percent, and 62 percent were committed by white youth and 35 percent by African-American children. gum olibanum the juvenile population of violent offenders in 1998 was comprised of more females, more white children, and younger juveniles then in the years prior.The biggest problem the juvenile court system is faced with is gang violence. Juvenile gang members are responsible for a very large number of crimes against property as well as homicide. Many of children who enter gangs are under the age of twelve. The number of cities reporting youth gang activity rose from 300 in the 1970s to nearly 2,500 in 1998. (DEWEY G. CORNELL)In the 1970s only nineteen states reported gang problems, but in the 1990s all fifty states reported gang crimes. It is obvious that the problem of gang association has been visible for three decades. Still not many laws have changed to accommodate underage gang offenders.In 1999 there were approximately 26,000 gangs and 840,500 gang members in the United States. Also, the average age of gang members increa sed gang members aged fifteen to seventeen decreased 8 percent from 1996 to 1999. (DEWEY G. CORNELL) Youth gangs continue to be a major problem that the juvenile justice system has not yet begun to control.The World War II juvenile offenders differ from the ones presently active. The juvenile offenders who are in the system, have a greater accessibility to weapons, they have a greater source of information in the form of the internet. They are smarter and more experienced, with greater knowledge of the consequences of their actions. The delinquents of our times have an obvious advantage over their victims as do all of the criminal in comparison to their predecessors form the 1939-45 years. Another advantage of the criminals of our times is their knowledge of the criminal system. They have the knowledge and understanding of the cost of crime and are willing to do anything not to pay for their actions.The last-ditch goal of crime prevention is to develop a highly reliable method for forecasting future crime trends and problems. If we can predict crime,we can develop prevention and reduction measures. But like reliably forecasting the weather, there are many errors in our methods and gaps in our skills. Crime is a phenomenon which has excised since the beginning of time. flat though we have had more than 2000 years to observe study and predict it, we are still learning what it might become in the future. As I mentioned earlier, many things can influence crime patterns and rates.The most obvious are demographic factors, such as age, sex and race, do have effect on crime. Generally, this method involves looking at changes in the crime-prone age categories (adolescents and young adults). Economic environment, such as recession or high levels of unemployment may also be compared to changes in crime. Further, the growth in female and juvenile participation in crime is accounted for by the increased participation of women in activities outside the home and by the dec line of an established role for juveniles in society.When trying to predict the future of crime rates and patterns in the United States, we must take all of the above in to consideration and draw our own conclusions.In recent years the abortion rates have dropped to all time low. If we take that under consideration we come to the conclusion that the drop in the number of abortions attributes to a larger number of births. Abortion has become a very expensive procedure and therefore a large percentage of women cannot afford the procedure. This ultimately leads to a larger number of unwanted children being born and consequently contributing to the rise in crime.I also believe that, criminals accessibility to transportation will ultimately shift crimes from the neighborhoods to rural areas. Crime will become free of geography. The numbers of cars are increasing every year, thus giving the future criminals more options. The crimes committed in the past were highly concentrated in the cit ies because of the dependence on means of transportation. Today, the amount of cars will contribute to the rise in crime rates and larger area of their occurrence.Another, in my opinion, very obvious and important reason for which the numbers of crime will increase in the next 10 to 20 years are the advances in engine room. As much as new technology aids law enforcement, it also helps the offenders.Until few decades ago, no one anticipated sending photos, receiving videos or hacking into federal data bases through computers. Today, computers have become a necessity in most homes. There are also many facilities which allow anyone to use a computer at their leisure. For just a few dollars, anyone can access the internet at a place other than their home. This not only allows criminals to use technology to their advantage, as an aid in criminal act, but also helps them stay anonymous. Pedophiles, hackers and identity-thieves are just a click away from their next crime.In recent years, internet access has been offered through unsettled phone companies. This fact has made criminal acts easier to commit.Future technology may be used as tools in the commission of crime. For example, cordless power slip tools in burglaries. Technology makes our lives much easier, but it also gives criminals more, advanced opportunities.Experts say the recent mild decline in crime is due to the aging of the babe Boom generation. If we take this fact under consideration, we will have to agree that the next generation will have a significant impact on the increase in crime rates. In the future the number of 15-25 year olds males will increase and with that, so will the number of crimes. As mentioned earlier 90% of all crimes are committed by males in that age group, therefore the conclusion is clear. Aging of the baby boomers will cause an increase in crime rates in the next 10 to 20 years.My conclusion is that crime rates will increase significantly in the future due to new technolog ies more means of transportation, aging baby boomers and lower abortion rates. The solution is one. Our society must put all of its resources and efforts into the prevention of future crimes. This meansmore prisons and harsher punishment for chronic offenders. I strongly believe that we should abandon early release from correction facilities because it this sends the wrong message to future criminals. We should also focus on the education of law enforcement and the public. We should try to prevent crimes rather than suffering their effects on our reality.BibliographyTelling Americas Story. (n.d.). Retrieved October 2, 2008, from http//www.america.govD.Kelleher, M. (1998). When Good Kids Kill. Westport Praeger.Dewey G. Cornell, D. C. (n.d.). Answers. Retrieved October 4, 2008, from http//www.answers.com/topic/juvenile-justice-systemFederal Buerau Of Investigation. (2007). Retrieved October 4, 2008, from http//www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/Justice, U. D. (n.d.). Buerau of Justice Statistic s. Retrieved October 4, 2008, from line of Justice Programs http//www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance.htmRobert A. Prentky, P. A. (1997). Child Sexual Molestation Research Iissues. National Institute of Justice Research Report.Salter, A. C. (2003). Predators, Rapists, and Other Sexual Offenders. New York Basic Books.Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Crime Victimization Survey, Criminal Victimization 1996, (November 1997)Rape in America A Report to the Nation. 1992. National Victim Center and Crime Victims Research and treatment Center, University of South Carolina, Charleston.1995 National College Health Risk Behavior Survey. Journal American College Health (Sept.1997)Federal Buerau of Investigation-Uniform of Crime Reports. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2008, from Federal Bureau of Investigation http//www.fbi.gov/ucr/ucr.htmhistorians.org. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2008, from http//www.historians.org/projects/giroundtable/CrimeWave/CrimeWave3.htmJuvenile Court Statistics. ( n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2008, from National Criminal Justice Reference Service

An assistant professor of animal sciences at Colorado State University says of her earlier years as autistic child

This term paper discusses autism in relation to nursing. Its aims are (1) to define autism and its consumes, (2) to describe the process of evaluating if a child has autism, (3) to history abnormal findings observed among autistic patients, and (4) to describe appropriate treatments, including medical and nursing treatments, as well as prognosis and chances for recovery.What is Autism?I was 2 years white-haired when I began to show symptoms of autism not talking, repetitious behavior, and tantrums. Not being able to communicate in words was a great frustration, so I screamed. Loud, lavishly pitched noises hurt my ears like a dentists drill hitting a nerve. I would shut out the hurtful stimuli by rocking or staring at sand dribbling through my fingers (Grandin, 2002)Temple Grandin, one of the thousands of individuals with autism, described aptly what was happening to her then. It has been reported that autistic children and adults are lacking in literal and non-verbal communicat ion, social interaction, and leisure or play activities. It is hard for them to communicate with others and relate to the outside world.They exhibit repeated body movements, unusual responses to people or bond certificate to objects and resist any changes in routines. In nearly cases, aggressive or self-injurious behavior may be present (Autism Society of America, 2006).According to the Autism Society of America (2006), autism occurs in approximately 15 of every 10,000 individuals, four times more prevalent in boys than girls, and conservatively estimated that nearly 400,000 people in the United States have some form of autism.Autism is defined as a complex childhood disorder that involves abnormal emotional, social and linguistic development (Ball & Blinder, 1995). It is a developmental disability that typically appears during the first three years of life as a result of a neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the brain (Autism Society of America).Studies have sh own abnormalities in different areas of the brain, including the cerebellum which participates in the execution of organized movements such as walking, running, eating, dressing and writing (Isaac, et al. 2005).The major brain structures implicated in autism are the cerebral cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, meanspirited ganglia, brain stem, corpus callosum and cerebellum (Strock, 2004). Many of these brain structures are responsible for higher mental functions, general movement, perception, behavioral reactions, speaking and other bodily functions.What causes autism?According to Jennifer Humphries (2000), the cause of autism remains unknown. It has been attributed to damage to the brain, but she said it is not conclusively proven. She enumerated five factors cited by Frith (1989) that may be responsible for it, which are as follows genetic or chromosomal abnormality, viral agents, metabolic disorders, immune intolerance and perinatal anoxia.Family studies show that autism is 50 times more frequent in the siblings of autistic people than in the general population. Siblings who are not autistic themselves show an increased incidence of other cognitive impairments.Infections like German measles (rubella) and herpes encephalitis may damage the brain during pregnancy and childhood. Children with autism have shown elevated blood serotonin (a chemical in the brain) levels, although this is not specific to autism. It is postulated that there is delayed maturation in the central nervous system functioning (Isaac, et al, 2005).How is autism diagnosed?There is no specific universal diagnostic or laboratory test to detect autism. Diagnosis is a great deal made by a psychiatrist using established criteria by the American Psychiatric Association (2000) which focus on communication skills, social interactions as well as repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior.Moreover, clinicians can use behavioral observation instruments and ask parents and/or teachers to fill out b ehavior checklists (Hallahan and Kauffman, 2006).

Financial Statement Analysis of Dutch Lady

I. INTRODUCTION Dutch bird Milk Industries Berhad (Dutch chick Malaysia), a company established in 1963, is certainly leading in the business of quality branded dairy in Malaysia. The company, whose holding company is Royal FrieslandCampinaa Dutch multinational corporation, one of the largest milk companies in the population- was the first milk company in Malaysia to be listed on Bursa Malaysia, the local Stock Exchange in 1968.Being the leading producer and seller of quality dairy products and fruit juices for home and export market (such as Infant formula, many types of milks, yoghurt and fruit juice drinks), Dutch peeress Malaysia has a strong consumer following and represented by strong brands (such as Dutch bird, Frisolac, Completa, Omela, Friso, and Joy). In addition, it was the first company in the world to introduce a growing up milk powder specifically formulated for children from ages one to three (known in Malaysia as Dutch skirt 123 and Dutch Lady 456) and is the largest purchaser of local fresh milk from the Veterinary Services Department.The company receives strong support from its holding company. It also believes in product revolution and commitment to its consumers, which lead it to a constant efforts to improve its processes in order to serve its customers with high quality nutritious products. The company gives prime considerations to Quality encounter and Quality Assurance. It has continually received accreditation of ISO 9001 since 1995. In terminal figures of food safety, it applies HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) System to all its plants.Meanwhile, for its Environmental Management System it has in place ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series). The Companys products are all halal-certified. With factory located in Petaling Jaya that employs 600 Malaysians, Dutch Lady Malaysia made an annual r unconstipatedues of RM692 million in 2009. Currently, Dutch Lady Malaysia is leading in the market of key milk categories such as UHT milk, Sterilised milk and Growing-Up milk. II. PERFORMANCE RATIOS II. 1. liquidness proportionality Liquidity ratio refers to superpower of company to meet its short term obligation. There are eight types of liquidity ratio . Working outstanding dimension = Current Assets Current Liabilities 2009 2010 2011 = 193,784 96,855= 96,929 = 234,244 106,261=127,983 = 324,466 135,309= 189,157 2. Current proportion = Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities 2009 2010 2011 = 193,78496,856=2 1 = 234,244106,261 =2. 2 1 = 324,466135,309 =2. 39 1 3. Acid Test Ratio = Quick AssetsCurrent Liabilities 2009 2010 2011 = 136,23296,855=1. 4 1 =161,522106,261 =1. 52 1 =230,978135,309 =1. 7 1 4. Account Receivable Turnover = sales on AccountAverage Accounts Receivable 2009 2010 2011 = 691,847(94,369+122,858)/2=6. 36 multiplication = 696,625(75,176 + 94,369)/2=8. 22 time = 810,647(36,714 + 75,176)/2 =14. 56 times 5. Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods SoldAverage Inventory 2009 2010 2011 = 462,510(57,552+74,902)/2= 6. 98 times = 447,961(72,722+57,552)/2=6. 88 times = 506,175(93,448+72,722)/2=6. 09 times 6. Days Sales Uncollected = Ending Accounts Receivable(Debtor Turnover Ratio) Net Sales 2009 2010 2011 =94,369691,847 x 365=49. 7=50 old age =75,176696,625 x 365=39. 3=39 days =36,714810,647 x 365=16. 5=16 days 7. Days Sales in Inventory = Ending InventoryCost of Goods Sold 2009 2010 2011 =57,552462,510 x 365=45 days =72,722447,961 x 365=59 days =93,448506,175 x 365=67 days 8. Total Assets Turnover = Net SalesAverage Total Assets =691,847(280,990+288,570)/2=2. 42 times =696,625(307,490 +280,990)/2=2. 37 times =810,647(398,514+307,490)/2=2. 30 times The change magnitude measuring of working capital shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is able to observe their operations and it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both short term debt and upcoming expenses.Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad experiences an in creasing self-support through its growing current assets compared to its current liabilities. The current ratio and quick ratio of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is more(prenominal) than ideal ratio. The increasing dowry of both ratios is indicating Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has the ability to pay its current obligations in time. From account due upset, in 2011 shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad converts 14. 56 times from account receivable into cash. In 2009 and 2010, the sales movement from account to cash is not quite good beca wasting disease above 12 times.However, as we squirt see from inventory turnover from 2009-2011, indicating that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad inventory management techniques in 2010 and 2011 are slight efficient as compared to that in 2009 because productions selling is less frequently and subscribe to the number of inventory increase. The decline in the come up of days sales uncollected from 2009 to 2011 shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has an effective accounts payable procedures. It would benefit Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad because they would get cash faster from their customers.The days sales in inventory measures the liquidity of inventory, the operating cycle time for Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad in 2009 is shorter than 2010 and 2011, they only need 45 days, 22 days faster than in the 2011. Technically total asset turnover shows how many times company can generate revenue from every dollar asset that they have, it measures the efficiency of assets in producing sales. In 2009, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can use their assets efficiently compared to the year 2010 and 2011. II. 2. Solvency Ratio It measures the ability of firm to survive in the long run.There are 4 types of solvency ratio 1. Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities Total Assets 2009 2010 2011 =101,005280,990x c=35. 9 % =110,018307,490x 100= 35. 7 % =139,360398,514x 100=34. 9 % 2. truth Ratio = Total Equit y Total Assets 2009 2010 2011 = 179,985280,990=64% =197,472307,490=64. 2% =259,154398,514=65% 3. Debt to Equity Ratio = Total LiabilitiesTotal Equity 2009 2010 2011 =101,005179,985=56. 1% =110,018197,472=55. 7% =139,360259,154=53. 7% 4. Times Interest Earned = Net Income before Interest Expense and Income ExpenseInterest Expense 2009 2010 2011 = 82,031 1=82 times = 89,2210=0 times = 139,368 919=152 times Based on the table above, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has approbatory debt ratio. There is a decline of perpennyage from 35. 9% (2009) to 34. 9% (2011), indicating that they has a good strategy in reducing companys assets that are contributed by creditors. Equity ratio shows that they have tilt to depend more on the owner for financing. Consequently, it is considered as a good result for the investors as long as the company earns good profits and maintains its performance.Debt to Equity Ratio has decreased from 56. 1% to 53. 7% in 2009 and 2011 respectively, whic h means that in 2011 for 1 RM of Dutch Company owned by the shareholders, they owe 53. 7 cent to creditors. This is a good indicator that the company is not facing a risky situation as its business does not rely the financing on debt. The investors, therefore, may find the company as a promising firm to invest. II. 3. Profitability Ratio It is utilise to assess a businesss ability to generate loot as compared to its expenses and other relevant costs incurred during a specific period of time.There are 4 types of profitability ratios 1. Gross Profit perimeter = Net Sales Cost of Sales Net Sales 2009 2010 2011 =691,847-462,510691,847= 33% =710,588-447,961710,588=36% =810,647-506,175810,647=37% 2. Operating Profit Margin = Net Income Net Sales 2009 2010 2011 =82,031691,847=12% =89,221710,588=12. 5% =139,368810,647=17% 3. perish on Total Assets = Net IncomeAverage Total Assets 2009 2010 2011 =60,400(280,990+288,570)/2=21. 21 % =63,887(307,490+280,990)/2=21. 71 % =108,082(39 8,514+307,490)/2=31. 1% 4. Return on Common Stockholders Equity = Net Income favored DividendsAverage Common Stockholders Equity 2009 2010 2011 =60,400-0(179,985+161,585)/2=35. 37 % =63,887-0(197,472+179,985)/2 =33. 85 % =63,887-0(197,472+197,472)/2 =32. 35 % Based on the graph above, we can see the percentage of gross profit margin has been increasing over the last three years. It is a good sign for a company, as it is considered as a sign of healthy and growing company. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is able maintain their inflow and outflow.It is able to form a reasonable profit on sales by keeping its overhead costs in control. Operating profit margin ratio increases from 12% (2009) to 17% (2011), showing that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has a great management skill and operating efficiency. However, there is a decline in the percentage of egest on total assets from 21. 50% to 20. 78% in 2009 and 2010 respectively. This reveals that year 2010 is less profitable. Return on assets (RoA) declines from 21. 50% to 20. 78% in 2009 and 2010 respectively. This could be an indicator that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has spent much assets to do business.If they have to pay a lot in order to maintain these assets, it will decrease the RoA even lower since the maintenance costs will decrease their gelt. In 2011, however, we can see in the table that there is an increase to 27. 12%. This indicates that they required less assets on that year. A high or low hard roe needs to be interpreted in the context of a companys debt- loveliness relationship. The rise percentage of RoE (Return on Equity) above RoA shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad takes a financial leverage. In 2010, by taking on debt, Dutch Lady increased its asset than to the cash that came in.It may be sign that management is using leverage to increase profits and profit margins. So, debt amplifies RoE in relation to ROA. II. 4. merchandise sentiment Ratio For Dutch Lady Milk I ndustries Berhad, the market prospects can be observed from Earnings per Share, Price-Earnings Ratio and Dividend moderate. 1. Basic Earnings per Share (EPS) = Net Income Preferred Dividends Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding 2009 2010 2011 = 60,400,000-064,000,000= 99. 40 cent = 63,887,000-064,000,000= 99. 80 cent = 108,082,000-064,000,000= 168. 90 cent 2. Diluted Earnings per Share 2009 2010 2011 There were no diluted meshwork per share for the company There were no diluted earnings per share for the company There were no diluted earnings per share for the company 3. Price-Earnings Ratio (PE) = Market Price per ShareEarnings per Share 2009 2010 2011 = 1162 cent99. 40 cent= 11. 69 times = 1754 cent99. 80 cent=17. 58 times = 2340 cent168,90 cent=13. 85 times 4. Dividend Yield = Annual Dividends per ShareMarket Price per Share 2009 2010 2011 = 65. 63 cent1162 cent=5. 65% = 72. 50 cent1754 cent=4. 3% = 72. 50 cent2340 cent=3. 1% The profit of basic EPS for Dut ch Lady Milk Industries Berhad from 99. 40 cent in 2009 to 168. 90 cent in 2011 is an indication that the company can generate its share to gain make better profit every year. Diluted earnings per share is illustrated the assumption of the worst case scenario, it means if the company announce any dilution it will decrease the equity position in every issuance of additional shares. Diluted earnings per share seen as a bad thing for the shareholders because it will reduce the add of the basic EPS that belongs to their rakehell.Thus, no diluted EPS in Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can be interpreted that there were no reduction of the basic earnings per share for every share issued. For Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad, the PE ratio from 2009 to 2010 is increasing because the market price per share in 2010 is higher than that in 2009. Market price per share indicates how much the price that market stock is willing to pay or sell for the share. Therefore, when the market price i s going up, it means that the stock is quite appreciated, more demand that is willing to buy rather than to sell. Whereas, PE ratio from 2010 to 2011 decreased from 17. 8 times to 13. 85 times because of the firms earnings per share rises. In this case, however, the investors who already had share in Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad are recommended to hold their stocks, because the market price tends to rise. For long-term outlook, keeping the shares is lock in better then selling them. However, PE ratio is not the only information to be considered in carrying out stocks investment. Thus, no diluted EPS in Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can be interpreted that there were no reduction of the basic earnings per share for every share issued.The dividend yield by Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is declining from 5. 65% in 2009 to 3. 1% in 2011, because the rise of its market stock price. If the dividend yield increases because the market stock price is fall, it will make investor s unhappy. High yields can be a sign of an unsustainably high dividend. Some investors perceives that dividends are important and usually their interest is in receiving a steady bear each year. The Dutch Lady stockholders seem to be less concerned with the dividends. For them, the important things are the stock price appreciation and capital gains.III. RECOMMENDATION 1. mitigate a long operating cycle ratio. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad should increase collection efforts on accounts receivable to ensure timely requital from customers, for typesetters case are frequent billing or increased collection calls and correspondence. They can decrease unused inventory by putting on sales or selling overstock products to resellers. Negotiate for more favorable payment terms with creditors to give the company more time to pay bills without incurring late payment penalties or additional interest. . Increase the liquidity of inventory Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad should evaluate th eir sales, because the operating cycle in inventory take extended time than the previous year. If the sales not improving and only in a steady condition, it will increase inventory, and occurs loss for the company, because their product will be expired. To solve this puzzle, they can expand to the new market/export, increase their sales with promotion and advertisement. Brand awareness is important to encourage customer buy the product.If they advantage improving the sales, the company not only will generate more profit but also have a less inventory. 3. Manage total asset turnover efficiently. The efficiency of total asset in producing sales decreased from 2009 to 2011. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad should allocating their imaging and update technology to maximise the utilization of asset. Furthermore, they also have the depreciation of current assets, before the book value of their current asset decreasing they can improve human resource/labor competencies to use the asse t efficiently. 4. Improving the price earnings ratio.This ratio reflected confidence of the shareholders to buy and keep Dutch Lady stock, and will attract more big investors. If the company can maintain their supply towards the market demand in the stock market, and also maintain the earnings per share by increasing net income, it will increase the price earnings ratio. Because the higher price earnings ratio means the more opportunity for Dutch Lady to grow. This improvement can support point 2 of the recommendations, the more they can keep the big investors happy, the more opportunity Dutch Lady to expand the market. IV. CONCLUSIONSThe increasing amount of working capital shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is able to continue their operations and it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both short term debt and upcoming expenses. The company does not seem to face any risk of being unable to meet its current obligation. However, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has proble m in the management of inventory system, the production capacity is exceed than the ability to sell their product. Solvency ratio shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad prefers to finance their business from owners equity instead of debt.This is a favorable condition for investors as their investments are not put in risky situation. This is also a favorable for creditors, as the company provides them with a safety and security by its ability to quarantee that it is able to pay off all the loans. Market prospect ratio is used to evaluate market growth of the company because this ratio estimates companys prospect and risk in earning reinvestment and distribution to the shareholders. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can be a good target for big investors as it is able to improve their market share every year.The improvement of basic EPS for Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad reveals the companys ability to generate its shares to gain better profit every year. In terms of performa nce in profitability, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has demonstrated good performance in profitability. The company has been able to improve its gross margin over the last three years as shown in graph above. The RoE tells common shareholders how effectively their money is being employed. 2 . Loth, R. Profitability indicator ratios return on equity.Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http//www. investopedia. com/university/ratios/profitability-indicator/ratio4. aspixzz2CMaaeQwt 3 . selective information obtained from Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Annual Report 2009, 2010, and 2011. 4 . Draker, P. P. Financial Ratio Analysis. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http//educ. jmu. edu/drakepp/principles/module2/fin_rat. pd 5 . eHow. What Does the Dividend Yield Tell the Investors. Retrieved November 14, 2012, from http//www. ehow. com/facts_5192566_dividend-yield-tell-investor_. html

The Disadvantages of Smoking

10/12/2012 How m whatsoever times prepare you said this to yourself? I must stop green goddess. This show testament detail the disadvantages holding you back while you continue to smoke, as well as the benefits of quitting. Darrael Robinson How many times ware you said this to yourself? I must stop smoking. This essay will detail the disadvantages holding you back while you continue to smoke, as well as the benefits of quitting. Darrael Robinson The Disadvantages of Smoking Cigarettes and the Advantages of Quitting The Disadvantages of Smoking Cigarettes and the Advantages of QuittingOne of the largest health disputes compensate now and for a prolonged period of time, has been smoking. No one seems to be doing much about the issue and the tribe who dont care the close and should, are the smokers. The smokers are the ones who need to know how bad it really is. It seems the non-smokers are the mountain who oppose against this topic be precedent they are affected by it too. E very(prenominal)day 3,000 children seize on smoking, most them between the ages of 10 and 18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers.In fact, 90 percent of all adult smokers said that they first started smoking as teenagers. These statistics clearly show that young people are the prime target in the tobacco wars. (Smoking Facts, 2012) The dangers of smoking are many, provided still cigarettes have get under ones skin common every third person, smokes these days. As elders smoke, young people as well as learn that there is no harm by smoking, so they do it at a very early age, which is called underage smoking. And it suits a customs parents do it, so children to a fault do it.Apart from getting this habit from elders, some people smoke just because they want to show off or they just want to show that they are grown enough to do anything. (Maddox, 2011) Besides tradition and showing off, people smoke to release tension, but its useless as inhaling century dioxide c annot release tension. Science has also proved that smoking causes lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, and tongue cancer just to name a few. These types of diseases do not occur in a day or two, but it requires smoking for many years. People who engage in underage smoking would end up with diseases ery early in life and would have a very short life. Smoking for women is most harmful when they are pregnant the child takes the oxygen, and the child who is not born yet starts breathing carbon dioxide. It also slows the stop of blood which in return slows nutrients to a baby. Smoking not only damages lungs but it also causes breathing problems which remain permanent. (Admin, 2007) Tobacco use rest the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, causing more than 400,000 deaths each year and resulting in an annual damage of more than $50 billion dollars.Passive smoke, or second hand smoke, affects the non-smokers too. Tobacco smoke harbors about 4,000 chemicals, includi ng 200 known poisons. Every time someone smokes, poisons such as benzene, formaldehyde, and carbon monoxide are released into the air, which means that not only is the smoker inhaling them but so is everyone else around him. Many studies now show that this secondhand smoke can have harmful loadings on nonsmokers and even cause them to develop diseases such as lung cancer and heart disease. Secondhand smoke has an especially bad effect on infants and children whose parents smoke.A number of studies show that in their first two years of life, babies of parents who smoke at home have a much higher straddle of lung diseases such as bronchitis and pneumonia than babies with nonsmoking parents. (Smoking Facts, 2012) Now we have electronic cigarettes, better known as E-Cigarettes which contains three essential components A plastic cartridge that serves as a mouthpiece and a reservoir for liquid an atomizer that vaporizes the liquid and a battery. Its supposedly healthier then smoking a r egular cigarette.However E-Cigarettes also carries the same risk as smoking a regular nicotine cigarette. The FDA did some research on the E-Cigarette and found that * E-Cigarettes can increase nicotine addiction among young people and whitethorn lead kids to try other tobacco products, including conventional cigarettes, which are known to cause disease and lead to premature death * The products may contain ingredients that are known to be toxic to humans (FDA, 2010) Despite these statements, the advantages and disadvantages are very easy to compare.Some of the purported advantages include a sense of calm and relaxation during and right away after smoking a cigarette. Smokers also frequently receive a number of short breaks throughout the work day to indulge their habit. Some fence in that smoking cigarettes makes one look cool, sexy and mature. Finally, many smokers find that smoking cigarettes gives them something to do with their hands. (Wikipedia, 2012) However the disadvantag es fairly outweigh the advantages. There are health disadvantages which golf links the connection between smoking and early death is irrefutable and well documented.There is an increased risk of a number of cancers, including cancers of the lungs, mouth, throat, cervix, kidneys, stomach, bladder and uterus, as well as leukemia. In addition, smoking increases the risk of emphysema, heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. The last of these causes complications such as gangrene and tissue loss. Even if you dont develop any of these diseases, you will suffer from shortness of breath. Some men even suffer from impotence due to smoking. There are social disadvantages one being, smoking has become increasingly unpopular in American society, so smokers face social difficulties.People seek to avoid smokers due to the health risks posed by secondhand smoke. Further, smokers lots have to leave social situations to go outside to feed their habit, interrupting social interactions. Some p eople, wishing to avoid secondhand smoke and its attendant health risks, may choose not to go to your house if you smoke indoors. Finally there are financial disadvantages one being smoking is an expensive habit. The website CostOfSmoking. com estimates that the average cost of a smokers habit in 2010 is $1,500 a year. This is cash that could be spent on healthy habits or even hobbies.Instead, smokers literally pay this much money every year for an early death. There are a number of other indirect costs, such as higher cost of health, homeowners and life insurance. Smokers also earn between 4 and 11 percent less than nonsmokers, according to the same website. Smokers also on average pay more for the following * lifetime Insurance * Health Insurance * Health Care * Home Owners Insurance * Value of the House * Earn Less Money * Less Social pledge / Pension Benefits * Cost of Cleaning * Dental Care (Savingadvice. com, 2012)One of the advantages of quitting is the physical benefits. After 20 minutes of not smoking, your blood pressure returns to normal. After 48 hours, poise endings regrow and smell and taste start to become enhanced. The long term benefit include Five years after quitting, your chances of dying from lung cancer decrease by almost half. After 15 years, your risk of getting heart disease is the same as that of a non-smoker. (Smoking Facts, 2012) As you can see, many peoples bodies become damaged by their addiction to cigarettes, but most people smoke indirectly.The passive smokers receive damage by people who smoke next to them. In many cases passive smokers have many diseases produced by smokers. Smokers suffer financial hardships every day. Smoking is not only a bad habit, but it will most likely end in certain death. Smoking is like a slow death, which can take a hard toll on ones family so if you are smoker, you are at risk, you are dying, so be careful with that. Bibliography Admin. (2007). Can smoking relieve tensions. Ygoy. Retrieved Oc tober 10, 2012, from http//smoking. ygoy. com/can-smoking-relieve-tension FDA, U.D. (2010). E-Cigarettes Questions and Answers. http//www. fda. gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm172906. htm. Maddox, N. (2011). Smoking accomplice Pressure Facts. http//www. livestrong. com/article/245384-smoking-peer-pressure-facts. Savingadvice. com. (2012). The Cost of Smoking. http//www. savingadvice. com/articles/2005/11/17/10182_the-cost-of-smoking. html. Smoking Facts. (2012). Smoking Facts. http//www. smoking-facts. net/Teen-Smoking-Facts. html. Wikipedia. (2012). Smoking. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tobacco_smoking.

Explain the Argument for Legalizing Euthanasia

Explain the argument for legalising euthanasia. (30 marks) The term euthanasia derives from the Greek language nub a good death. Euthanasia is the process in which a person who is suffering from a painful or crippling ailment or disability decides to end their own sustenance, or a persons life being leg everyy ended by another person. Currently, the laws in the UK make it illegal for a person to assist in allowing a person to commit suicide under the murder Act of 1965 and the Suicide Act 1971.The law states that intentionally end a persons life, even with their consent, is illegal, as is assisting person to commit suicide. These are both offenses that are seen in the same light as murder. There have been all over the last few years attempts to pass broadsheets through parliament to change the laws around euthanasia within the United Kingdom. In 2009, Scottish Parliament move to pass the End of Life Assistance Bill, which was put forward by Parkinsons disease sufferer, Margo Ma cdonald MSP.The law would allow those whose lives have become intolerable receivable to a progressive degenerative illness, serious trauma or terminal illness to have the assistance of a doctor to help end their lives. patronage a series of proposed safeguards to be put into to prevent abuse of the system should the law be passed, the Scottish Parliament failed to pass the bill, with 85 votes against to the 16 for vent the bill. Similarly, in 2006, the Parliament of the UK tried to pass a bill that would allow a person who has less than 6months to live, suffering unbearably and sound mind would be able to end their life.This law was proposed by Lord Joffe who said We must find a solution to the unbearable suffering of patients whose needs cannot be met by palliative care. Other member of the House of Lords welcomed the bill with support. Baroness David who stated If I were terminally ill, I believe I would be the only person with the remediate to decide how I died and also said that allowing euthanasia would provide me with an additional option on how to end my life which I would find tremendously reassuring. This bill was also received with opposition.Other members of the House of Lords who were against the bill included The Archbishop of Canterbury Dr Rowan Williams and The Archbishop of Westminster Cardinal Cormac Murphy OConnor. The ProLife alliance had stated that they would resist any changes in the laws meet euthanasia. The bill was eventually blocked by the House of Lord, with 148 against the bill, with the 100 votes for the bill. Mark Slattery from the charity Dignity with Dying, said they will continue to campaign to introduce an help dying bill.More recently, Anna Soubry, Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Health stated I think its ridiculous and appalling that mass have to go abroad to end their life instead of being able to end their life at home. This statement from Ms Soubry came daytimes after locked-in syndrome sufferer Tony Nicklinson lost his right-to-die case in the high up Court, and resulted in refusing food which led to his death 6 days. Tony had wanted his wife to help him end his life without her being prosecuted for murder, after a stroke, left him paralysed and unable to communicate verbally.He once stated, I am fed up with my life, I do not want to spend the next 20 years equal this There have been other high profile cases, which have shown support for the allowing of Euthanasia within the UK. terry cloth Pratchett, a renowned author and sufferer of Alzheimers disease, is currently campaigning for the right-to-die and assisted suicide. He fears that with his terminal figure, he would not be able to die with dignity, which he wishes. He strongly supports euthanasia, saying that when his time comes, he would wish that he would be able to end his life in the way in which he wants.Terry has produced and presented television documentaries around his argument of assisted dying, where he met oth er concourse who wish to have assisted suicide, and showed the Dignitas Clinic in Switzerland, where British people could go to legally end their life. There are several arguments in favour of euthanasia. One argument is based around the idea that we all have personal autonomy the freedom to make choices over our own lives. It is argued that we all have control over our wn lives, so therefore, that should include our right to choose whether we live or die. By not allowing euthanasia would be breaching the persons rights and taking external persons autonomy, as their choice of life would be made by the law and not by themselves. In addition, it stated in the General medical councils broad(a) Medical Practice guide for doctors (2006) that doctors should listen and respond to patients concerns and preferences, furtherto a greater extent, it is argued that doctors should respect the decisions of their care and treatment.Putting this into context, it is argued that doctors would not be upholding or respecting the patients rights or preferences, should they not be able to respond to their wishes, even if it were to die by means of assisted suicide. It is also argued that doctors already can administer involuntary passive euthanasia legally, so what is the difference of them administering active euthanasia. For example, by switching off a persons life support machine that they are dependent upon to preserve their life, so the doctor is therefore affectively ending the persons life.In addition, doctors can also administer medication (such as morphine) to relieve a persons pain, even if they know this could speed up a persons death. In this case, it is known as the Principle of the Double Effect which protects doctors who perform actions in value to achieve a good primary outcome (such as to relieve pain), in case there were unintentional secondary outcomes, such as death. Also, people already have assisted suicide, despite it being outlawed in this country.There have been cases where family members or friends have been imprisoned for assisting in the death of loved ones who could not end their lives independently. It is therefore argued, if euthanasia already happens throughout the country, which includes the actions of medical professional, and it would be the practical idea to legalise it, as it would allow us legalise what already happens and to have the ability to regulate it. Finally, other arguments can also be based around the Quality of Life Principle.The quality of life is a condition where a person enjoys a life of independence and physical, emotional and intellectual well-being. Many people who suffer from progressive ailments or disabilities, will often take up to lose their quality of life in one way or another. For example, they may become incontinent, lose the ability to carry out every day personal tasks such as cleaning themselves, or unable to feed themselves, and this can be become prevailing throughout the progression o f their illness or disability.This can cause people to lead an undignified and unhappy life, which can be distressing to both the sufferer and the family. Many people, such as Terry Pratchett, when diagnosed with progressive illnesses wish they could end their lives before they enter the stage were there quality of life is insufficient to lead a good life. Some people argue that it is wrong to not allow people who do not lead a good quality to end their lives, as it is seen as the more justified and righteous thing do, as it ends the suffering both the family and the sufferer endure by being in that condition.

Merits and Demerits of the Internet Essay

The lucre is a soci everyy disruptive technology. It has changed the authority we do business, march on with each an early(a)(prenominal), and steady how we view the field in the little amount of time that the public has apply it. From its beginning as a project of the Department of Defense to connect its computers to protrudeher, the Internet is now a resource that most mass in the developed world cannot live without. I myself sop up been abnormal by the meshwork. I am one of the 1,114,274,426 people who use the meshing in its various forms. Whether by emailing my friends, or ordering a book on Amazon.com, I am a part of the internet generation, the generation of people who grew up with the benefits of the Internet.This paper tries to explore how the Internet has touched my life. I go away try to look at both the benefits of the Internet and its drawbacks. Looking at my internet use, I chance upon that there are primarily three ways that I use the internet for conveni ence, for information and at last for the cyber club. Convenience This has got to be the reason most everyday people use the internet, it simply makes occasions easier.From email to account book processing, with the internet, previous tasks that are cumbersome and time-consuming are now dischargeed effortlessly at the click of a mouse. You no longer have to write a letter by hand, affix a stamp, and thus mail it afterwards waiting for not minutes but entire days just to trust a letter to a friend or colleague. In the amount of time that it unsays to read this sentence, I could have forwarded a chain letter to dozens if not hundreds of people in my email treat book. Communication through with(predicate) the internet has radic bothy changed the way we live.By the sheer simplicity and ease of direct a letter through email, we probably communicate with each other more and with greater intimacy. It has helped me maintain in touch with my family pieces and friends at home. Ev en simple messages like trivial requests or a short how are you? reach their destination make up half a world a way nearly instantaneously when I press the send button on my email program of choice. Aside from communication, other way that the internet has made lives easier is through electronic commerce or simply e-commerce.From this very hot seat I am sitting on, I buy my bus tickets, send and receive money through e-banking and even watch movies. I dont have to move myself out of the house (or even out of this chair) to take care of my basic necessities, leaving me with more time to finish more mechanical press tasks. Truly, this is a way that the Internet has made my life much easier. On the other hand the internet has not only made my life easier, it has in like manner made the lives of shady characters easier too. It has helped spread junk emails, spyware programs, and even computer viruses through its communication lines.My worst experience with this was a virus I got from a netmail email. The virus completely ruined my laptop and made me reinstall the operating system. Even as I did this, the virus had already spread to other email addresses stored in my email address book. Another thing I noticed is that the convenience of the Internet has made me more impatient. For someone who got accustomed to email and e-commerce, I find that waiting even for very short amount of times has already become a difficult exercise for me. Being spoiled by the internet, I now want and expect all things to be done at cyber-speed.A much more serious effect of the Internets ease of communication is the creation of a new arena of crime internet crime. I myself have had no experience with Internet crimes but that is something I dont want to change in the near future. The convenience of the internet has equally empowered me to do my email and shopping and empowered crooks to perform felonies from credit card fraud to piracy and even identicalness theft. Information T he internet has changed both the way we get access to information and the amount of information we can have access to.Enormous amounts of meshwork pages are born everyday, with equally impressive search engines to quickly comb through these web pages to get the information you want. Personally, I use internet portals such as Yahoo and Naver as they have close to everything I need, news, entertainment, weather information, dictionaries, study materials etc. Another thing about information on the internet is that unlike traditional media outlets such as newspapers, radio and TV, the internet is a duplex communication channel. The hang of information from traditional outlets only goes one-way, the TV reports on it and I view it.The internet on the other hand empowers me to voice out my opinions and get feedback on these opinions right away. However, not all information on the internet is reliable. The ease of creating a website has made information coming from average Joes look indi stinguishable from those of erudite academics and authorities. Ease of finding information on the internet has made people unwilling to do explore the old way, by going to libraries and referencing known authors and peer-reviewed journals or articles.Now, they are just more likely to take as true the first results that Google or Wikipedia gives out. Also, the internet has given seedy people and organizations a plain outlet to promote disreputable activities and information. Hate groups, suicidal organizations, and child pornographers have apply the internet to further their docket and reach more potential victims. I found myself in an embarrassing situation once when I accessed pornography on the internet by accident. The thing with the internets ease of providing information is that it makes people think less.It makes us dependent on websites and search engines instead of enforcing our research and information validation skills. It lessens creativity and makes us unable to di scern which information is true or false, which fact is correct or incorrect, and what is virtuously good or bad. The Cyber Community The internet has truly made the world a smaller break through as it enabled people to meet more individuals from different backgrounds and different parts of the world. It has created a worldwide meeting place where people could seek out people who share their interests and values.I myself am a member of this community by my blog. My blog allows me to connect to other people just as reading other peoples blogs give me a connection and insight into their lives. My blog also satisfies my need desire for recognition by giving me my own personal space to decorate and post my own thoughts to be seen by the world at large. Another nice thing about the cyber community is that unlike the real community, the internet gives its users a blanket of anonymity. This anonymity gives its users the independence to express their own opinions without fear that it wil l reflect on them badly.Also, it allows users the freedom to talk things and or problems which could be considered socially embarrassing or taboo. On the other hand, anonymity also empowers people by protecting them from responsibility from wrongdoing. Anyone can read my blog and leave scathing and psychologically damaging comments without revealing who they very are. Also, it makes one think less of others as people are decrease to a few lines of text on a webpage or chat room. Unlike the real community, the cyber community is impersonal and has no intimacy. Another side effect of being part of the cyber community is addiction.I may be guilty of this to some degree. I tend to overuse the internet and in the continual tog of opening internet web pages. You could say that like an addict, I cannot live without the internet. Just like nub abuse, I have grown a dependence on the internet and the cyber community it brings. Conclusion In retrospect, the Internet has really changed th e way I lived my life. I am exposed to plenty of empowering technologies that generations of people before me could only dream about. The world is smaller because of it and for the most part better because of it.And it is getting better all the time, newer applications that make life better through the internet are still being made at a rapid pace. On the other hand, the internet is a tool which could also be used for low-down deeds. Internet users with shady interests have used the internet to cause harm and promote their foul agenda. As members of the cyber community, one needs to be wary of these things as it may leave one defenseless to anything from damage to your computer to damaging scrutiny or even more serious crimes like identity theft. In retrospect, is the internet worth it?For me, even with its downsides, the internet is still a blessing to be treasured. It really does make my life easier and allows me to do more things that were unthinkable of even just 50 years ago . mavin just has to be conscious about how he or she uses the internet. As always, even on the internet, parkland sense should prevail and one should not forsake traditionally held values such as extending courtesy, doing beseeming research and others even is one is shielded by anonymity in the cyber community of the internet.References Irvine, Marthat. (2004, December 5). young Adopt, Drive Technological Advances. Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 31A. Staples, Brent. (2004, May 29). What Adolescents Miss When We Let Them Grow Up In Cyberspace. New York Times, , A24. Leiner, Barry M. , et. al.. (n. d. ). A Brief History of the Internet. In Internet Society.Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http//www. isoc. org/internet/history/brief. shtml. InternetWorldStats. com. (March 19, 2007). Internet manipulation Statistics The Big Picture. In Internet World Stats. Retrieved April 22, 2007, from http//www. internetworldstats. com/stats. htm. Levine, John R. , Baroudi, Carol. , & Young, Margaret Le vine. (2000). The Internet for Dummies 7th edition. Foster City CA IDG Books.